Part 326

NAULAGE, NAULIS, Fr. Freight or fare.

NAULISER, Fr. to freight or hire a vessel.

NAUMACHIÆ,or sea-fights, are described as early as the time of the first Punic war, when the Romans first initiated their men in the knowlege of sea affairs. After the improvement of many years, they were designed as well for the gratifying the sight as for increasing their naval experience and discipline; and therefore composed one of the solemn shows, by which the magistrates or emperors, or any affectors of popularity, so often made their court to the people. It will be observed from this passage out of Kennett’s Roman Antiquities, page 269, that the necessity which Rome was under of fighting Carthage upon her own element, gave rise to their naval manœuvres. But the overgrown empire of the former, and the subsequent corruption of her people, soon converted these powerful auxiliaries to the legions, by whom she had conquered the universe, into instruments of pleasure and debauchery. Lampridius, in the life of the emperor Heliogabalus, relates, that, in a representation of a naval fight, he filled the channel where the vessels were to ride with wine instead of water. A story scarcely credible, though we have the highest conceptions of that wretch’s prodigious luxury and extravagance. The frequent threats which the French emperor has put forth, and the similitude which he draws between France and Great Britain to Rome and Carthage, may probably lead to great na- exertions.

NAUTICAL planisphere, a description of the terrestrial globe upon a plane, for the use of mariners: but more usually called chart.

NAVY, implies, in general, any fleet or assembly of ships. It is, however, more particularly understood of the vessels of war that belong to a kingdom or state.

NAVY DEPARTMENT of the United States, has the charge of the naval affairs, and of the military marine corps.

Number and Kind of Ordnance for each of the Ships in the British Navy.

+------+-----++---------------------++-----------+ | | || No. of Guns || | | | No. || of each Kind. ||Carronades.| | | of ++--+--+--+--+--+--+---++--+--+--+--+ |Rates.|Guns.||42|32|24|18|12| 9| 6 ||32|24|18|12| +------+-----++--+--+--+--+--+--+---++--+--+--+--+ |1st. | 100 ||28|--|28|--|30|--|18 || 2| 6|--|--| |2d. | 98 ||--|28|--|30|40|--|--}|| 2|--| 6|--| | { | 80 ||--|26|--|26|--|24| 4}|| | | | | | { | 74 ||--|28|--|28|--|18|--}|| 2|--| 6|--| |3d. { | 70 ||--|28|--|28|--|14|-- || | | | | | { | 64 ||--|--|26|26|--|12|-- ||--| 2| 6|--| |4th. {| 60 ||--|--|24|--|26|--|10 ||--|--|--|--| | {| 50 ||--|--|22|--|22|--| 6 ||--| 6|--| 6| | { | 44 ||--|--|--|20|22|--| 6 ||--|--| 8|--| |5th.{ | 36 ||--|--|--|26| 2| 8|-- || 8|--|--|--| | { | 32 ||--|--|--|--|26|--| 6 ||--| 6|--|--| | {| 28 ||--|--|--|--|--|24| 4 ||--| 6|--|--| |6th. {| 24 ||--|--|--|--|--|22| 2 ||--| 2| 6|--| | {| 20 ||--|--|--|--|--|20|-- ||--|--|--| 8| |Sloops| 18 ||--|--|--|--|--|--|18 ||--|--|--| 8| +------+-----++--+--+--+--+--+--+---++--+--+--+--+

Dimensions of Ships, Number of Men, and Draught of Water.

+------+---------+--------+----------------------+---------+ | | | | | Depth | |Number| Length | | Complement of | of water| | of | on the | Extreme+--------+-------------+ required| | Guns.|Gun-deck.|Breadth.|Sailors.| Marines. |for each.| +------+---------+--------+--------+-------------+---------+ | | Ft. In. |Ft. In. | N^{o.} | Officers. | Feet. | | 110 | 190 -- | 53 -- |} 875 |} |} 24 | | 100 | 186 -- | 52 -- |} |} |} | | 98 | 180 -- | 50 -- | } 750 |} 1 Captain | } 23 | | 90 | 177 6 | 49 -- | } |} 3 Subalt’s.| } | | 80 | 182 -- | 49 6 |} |} |} | | 74 | 182 -- | 48 7 |} 650 |} |} 18 | | 74 | 169 -- | 46 11 |} |} |} | | 64 | 160 -- | 44 6 |} |1 Cap. 2 Sub.|} | | 50 | 146 -- | 40 6 | 420 |2 Lieuten’ts.| } | | 44 | 140 9 | 38 8 |} |} | } 16 | | 38 | 144 -- | 39 -- |} 300 |} | } | | 36 | 142 -- | 38 -- |} |} | } | | 32 | 126 -- | 35 4 |} |} 1 Subalt. | 15 | | 28 | 120 -- | 33 6 | } |} | | | 24 | 114 7 | 32 3 | } 200 |} | | | 20 | 108 -- | 30 -- | } |} | | | 18 | 110 -- | 29 6 |} 125 | }Serjeant. | 13 | | 16 | 106 -- | 28 -- |} | } | | +------+---------+--------+--------+-------------+---------+ | N. B. The usual complement of Marines is one for | | every Gun in a British Ship of War. | +----------------------------------------------------------+

NAVY-board, together with its civil and military departments, in England, consists of a lord high admiral, or lords commissioners for executing this office; one first lord commissioner, and six other lords commissioners, with a number of inferior officers, and clerks.

NAVY, is also a collective body of officers employed in the military sea-service.

NAWAUB, Ind. See NABOB.

NEABUT, Ind. a deputyship, or lieutenancy: from naib, a deputy.

NECESSARIES, in a military sense, are such articles as are ordered to be given to every soldier.

NEESHUNGPAT, Ind. a violent assault without bloodshed.

NEGATIVE. This term is sometimes used to express the result of measures or enterprizes, which though not entirely successful, are not productive of serious or mischievous consequences. Hence the British expeditions to Spain, and to Walcheren, may be considered as having had negative success.

NEGATIVE Penalties. Certain laws whereby persons are secluded from military rank, &c. without inflicting any positive pains.

NEGLECT of DUTY. Officers or soldiers convicted of neglect of duty, are punishable at the discretion of a court-martial.

NEGROES, blacks, moors. The people brought from Guinea, and other parts of Africa, as slaves, and sent into the colonies of America, to cultivate sugar, tobacco, indigo, &c. and to dig in the mines of Peru or Mexico.

NELLI-COTAH, a fort situated about forty miles to the south of Tinivelly, in the East Indies. This fort has been rendered memorable by the manner in which it was carried by the English in 1755, and the barbarity with which a garrison was treated which had not killed a man and had called for quarter, and yet men, women, and children were massacred. The detachment consisted of 100 Europeans, and 300 sepoys, with two field pieces. These troops (to quote Mr. Orme’s words in his History of the Carnatic, page 386, book V.) set out at midnight and performed the march in 18 hours: the polygar, startled at the suddenness of their approach, sent out a deputy, who pretended he came to capitulate, and promised that his master would pay the money demanded of him in a few days; but suspicions being entertained of his veracity, it was determined to detain him as a pledge for the execution of what he had promised, and he was accordingly delivered over to the charge of a guard. The troops were so much fatigued by the excessive march they had just made, that even the advanced centinels could not keep awake; and the deputy perceiving all the soldiers who were appointed to guard him, fast asleep, made his escape out of the camp, and returned to the fort; from whence the polygar had sent him only to gain time, in order to make the necessary preparations for his defence. This being discovered early in the morning, it was determined to storm the place, of which the defences were nothing more than a mud wall with round towers. The troops had not brought any scaling ladders, but the outside of the wall was sloping, and had many clefts worn in it by the rain, so that the assault, although hazardous, was nevertheless practicable. It was made both by the Europeans and the sepoys with undaunted courage, in several parties at the same time; each of which gained the parapet without being once repulsed, when the garrison retired to the buildings of the fort, where they called out for quarter; but the soldiers, put all they met to the sword, not excepting the women and children; suffering only six persons, out of four hundred, to escape alive: shameful to relate, the troops and officers who bore the greatest part in this shocking barbarity, were the bravest of Englishmen, having most of them served under colonel Lawrence, on the plains of Tritchinopoly: but those who contemplate human nature will find many reasons, supported by examples, to dissent from the common opinion, that cruelty is incompatible with courage.

NESHAUNBURDAR, Ind. an ensign.

NETHERLANDS, that part of modern France which lies next to the North sea; it was once called the circle of Burgundy, and sometimes the Low Countries, so called from being situated between France, Lorrain, Germany, and the ocean.

They were formerly divided into 17 provinces, four of which were dukedoms, viz. Brabant, Limburg, Luxemburg, and Guelderland; seven were earldoms, viz. Flanders, Artois, Hainault, Holland, Zealand, Namur, and Zutphen; and five Baronies, viz. West Friezland, Mechlin, Utrecht, Overysell, and Groningen.

These were originally governed by distinct lords or princes, but were all united under Philip the good, duke of Burgundy, who left them to his son Charles, surnamed the Hardy, who being killed at Nancy, in 1477, the 17 provinces fell to his only daughter, Mary of Burgundy, who by marrying with Maximilian the First, of Germany, carried them into the house of Austria.

The kings of France claimed a right to Artois, Flanders, &c. In the reign of king Philip II. of Spain, William of Nassau, prince of Orange, and several other discontented noblemen, gave beginning to those disturbances which terminated in the separation of Holland, and the other countries known by the name of the United Provinces, occasioned by the dread of the inquisition, the insupportable rigor of the government of the Duke of Alva, and the violent encroachments of the Spaniards upon the liberties and privileges of the countries.

The Netherlands, comprehending Holland, have undergone material alterations during the progress of the French Revolution. Brabant and Flanders, which belonged to the house of Austria, have been annexed to France, and form several of its departments. Holland, upon the expulsion of the Stadtholder, was allowed to call itself an independent country, in alliance with France; but the British co-operating with the adherents of the Stadtholder, exposed it to repeated invasions, to put an end to these conspiracies, after twice expelling the English, the government was changed, and it is now distinguished by the name of the Batavian kingdom.

NETTOYER les Magazins, Fr. in artillery, signifies to remove the different pieces of ordnance, for the purpose of having them carefully examined, &c. and to have the stores and ammunition so arranged as not to receive damage. This duty is generally performed by small parties of solders, under the command of serjeants, who are detached from the different guards of a garrison town. In the old French service the commissaire d’artillerie superintended the execution of this necessary duty, and the soldiers who were employed, got relieved from any further attendance as part of the guard, the instant their work was done.