Part 197

+------+-------+----------------------------------+-----------------+ | | | First Graze | | | Kind.|Charge.| with different elevations. | Extreme range. | |------+-------+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+-----------------+ | Pr. | | 1°| 2°| 3°| 4°| 5°| 6° | 7° | 8° | | | 12 {| 10 oz.|199|290|390|385|597| 716| 695| 788|from 800 to 1000| | {| 1 lb.|280|416|729|777|966|1090|1054|1295|from 1200 to 1500| +------+-------+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+-----------------+ |6 Pr.{| 5 oz.|111|222|376|432|618| 625| 650| 788|from 800 to 1000| | {| 8 oz.|277|401|754|826|925| 980|1103|1100|from 1000 to 1300| +------+-------+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+-----------------+

N. B. The above was a 12 Pr. Medium, and a 6 Pr. Desagulier’s. The distances are given in yards.

Effects of case shot from a battalion gun--Light 6 Pr. length 5 feet--Weight 5 cwt. 3 qrs. 21 lbs. against a target 8 feet high, and 90 feet long.

--------+-----------------+-------+-----------------+----------------- | | |No. put into the |No. put into the Distance| Kind | |height of 6 feet,|height of 8 feet, of | of | Ele- |or the height of |or the height of Target.| charge. |vation.| Infantry. | Cavalry. --------+-----------------+-------+-----------------+----------------- Y’ds. | | deg. | | 500 {|12 balls, 8 oz. }| 1 | 3 | 3 {|each, 3 in a }| 1¹⁄₂ | 3 | 4 {|tier, 1¹⁄₄ lb. }| 2 | 3 | 4 {|powder. }| | | { | { | 1 | 6 | 6 400 { |same ch’ge { | 1¹⁄₂ | 4 | 5 { | { | 2 | 4 | 5 {| {| ¹⁄₂ | 6 | 7 300 {|same ch’ge {| 1 | 3 | 3 {| {| 1¹⁄₂ | 4 | 6 { |34 balls. 3 oz.} | P B | 10 | 12 400 { |each, 7 in a } | ¹⁄₂ | 9 | 10 { |tier, 1¹⁄₄ lb. } | 1 | 6 | 8 { |powder } | | | {| {| P B | 11 | 13 300 {|same ch’ge {| ¹⁄₂ | 12 | 15 {| {| 1 | 7 | 9 --------+-----------------+-------+-----------------+-----------------

N. B. There were three rounds fired at each charge, but they were all so nearly alike, that it has been thought necessary to put down only one of them. 1802.

Ranges with sea service iron guns. 1796.

---------------------------------------------------------------------- Kind of Guns, 32, 24, and 18 Pounders. ------+----------+--------------------------------------------+------ |Proportion| | Eleva-| of | | tion.| powder. | Kind of shot. |Range. ------+----------+--------------------------------------------+------ deg. | | |Yards. 2 | ¹⁄₃ |With single shot to the first graze | 1200 2 | ¹⁄₄ |Do. Do. | 1000 2 | ¹⁄₄ |2 shot, ranged close together, to | 500 4 | ¹⁄₃ |Single shot | 1600 4 | ¹⁄₄ |Do. | 1500 7 | ¹⁄₃ |Do. | 2150 7 | ¹⁄₄ |Do. | 2020 2 | ¹⁄₄ |1 round shot and 1 r’d. of grape range with | | |effect together, to | 600 4 | ¹⁄₄ |One round of grape shot, alone, to | 1000 2 | ¹⁄₄ |One double headed, or bar shot will range to| | |the first graze | 800 ------+----------+--------------------------------------------+------

Ranges with 5¹⁄₂ inch shells, from a 24 Pr. iron Gun. Length of Gun 9¹⁄₂ ft. Wt. 49 ct. 26lb.

+-----+------------------++------------------++------------------+ | | 2 Pounds. || 2 lbs. 8 oz. || 3 Pounds. | | +-------+----------++-------+----------++-------+----------+ | |Flight.| ||Flight.| ||Flight.| | | Ele-| +--+ Range to || +--+ Range to || +--+ Range to | | va- | | First| Ex- || | First| Ex- || |First | Ex- | |tion.| | Graze| treme|| | Graze| treme|| |Graze | treme| +-----+----+------+------++----+------+------++----+------+------+ | deg.|Sec.|Yards.|Yards.||Sec.|Yards.|Yards.||Sec.|Yards.|Yards.| | 1 |1 | 213 | 1139 ||2³⁄₄| 562 | 1456 ||1 | 277 | 1424 | | 2 |1³⁄₄| 384 | 1267 ||1¹⁄₂| 442 | 1413 ||1³⁄₄| 526 | 1464 | | 3 |2³⁄₄| 565 | 1413 ||2 | 647 | 1553 ||2¹⁄₄| 740 | 1600 | | 4 |2¹⁄₄| 750 | 1479 ||3³⁄₄| 896 | 1639 ||3¹⁄₂| 880 | 1679 | | 5 |3³⁄₄| 836 | 1670 ||4 | 915 | 1510 ||5 | 1182 | 1733 | | 6 |4 | 896 | 1495 ||5 | 1140 | 1657 ||6¹⁄₄| 1384 | 1787 | | 7 |6¹⁄₂| 1180 | 1492 ||6 | 1205 | 1481 ||6¹⁄₄| 1410 | 1749 | | 8 |6³⁄₄| 1305 | 1526 ||6¹⁄₂| 1259 | 1544 ||7 | 1520 | 1744 | | 9 |7¹⁄₂| 1329 | 1527 ||7 | 1341 | 1561 ||7³⁄₄| 1722 | 1938 | | 9¹⁄₂|6³⁄₄| 1229 | 1453 ||----| ---- | ---- ||8¹⁄₂| 1748 | 1881 | +-----+----+------+------++----+------+------++----+------+------+

Ranges with 4²⁄₅ Shells from a 12 Pounder, Medium.

+-----+------------------++------------------++------------------+ | | 8 Ounces. || 12 Ounces. || 1 lb. 8oz. | | +-------+----------++-------+----------++-------+----------+ | |Flight.| ||Flight.| ||Flight.| | | Ele-| +--+ Range to || +--+ Range to || +--+ Range to | | va- | | First| Ex- || | First| Ex- || |First | Ex- | |tion.| | Graze| treme|| | Graze| treme|| |Graze | treme| +-----+----+------+------++----+------+------++----+------+------+ | deg.|Sec.|Yards.|Yards.||Sec.|Yards.|Yards.||Sec.|Yards.|Yards.| | 1 |1¹⁄₂| 156 }| || | | || | | | | 2 |2 | 293 }| ||2¹⁄₂| 350 }| || | 707 }| | | 3 |2¹⁄₂| 363 }| From ||3¹⁄₂| 355 }| From || | 758 }| From | | 4 |3¹⁄₂| 462 }| 800 ||4 | 679 }| 1100 || | 849 }| 1400 | | 5 |4 | 587 }| to ||3¹⁄₂| 641 }| to || |1075 }| to | | 6 |4 | 621 }| 1200 ||5 | 941 }| 1300 || |1150 }| 1600 | | 7 |4¹⁄₂| 898 }| ||6 |1020 }| || |1300 }| | | 8 |5 | 781 }| || | | || | | | +-----+----+------+------++----+------+------++----+------+------+

Ranges with French brass field guns, with round shot.

------+------------+-------------------+------- | | Elevation. | | +-----------+-------+ Range | | Lines of | | in Kind.| Charge. |Tan. Scale.|Deg. M.|Toises. ------+------------+-----------+-------+------- | {| L. M. |-- 58| 300 | {| 2 | 1 3| 350 12 Pr.| 4 lbs. {| 10 | 1 39| 400 | {| 14 | 1 49| 450 | {| 16 | 1 56| 480 | { | L. M. |-- 58| 300 | { | 6 | 1 24| 350 8 Pr.| 2¹⁄₂ lbs.{ | 12 | 1 51| 400 | { | 16 | 2 8| 450 | { | 20 | 2 24| 480 | {| L. M. |-- 58| 250 | {| 4 | 1 20| 300 4 Pr.| 1¹⁄₂ lbs. {| 8 | 1 40| 350 | {| 12 | 2 --| 400 | {| 16 | 2 20| 450 | {| 18 | 2 40| 480 ------+------------+-----------+-------+-------

The above are in old French weights and measures.

Definitions of GUNNERY. 1. The impetus at any point of the curve is the perpendicular height to which a projectile could ascend, by the force it has at that point; or the perpendicular height from which a body must fall to acquire the velocity it has at that point.

2. The diameter to any point of the curve is a line drawn through that point perpendicular to the horizon.

3. The points where the diameters cut the curve are called vertexes to these diameters.

4. The axis is that diameter which cuts the curve in its highest or principal vertex, and is perpendicular to the tangent at that point or vertex.

5. The ordinates to any diameter are lines drawn parallel to the tangent at the point where that diameter cuts the curve, and intercepted between the diameter and curve.

6. The absciss is that part of the diameter which is intercepted between the ordinate and the curve.

7. The altitude of the curve is the perpendicular height of the principal vertex above the horizon.

8. The amplitude, random, or range, is the distance between the point of projection and the object aimed at.

9. The elevation of the piece is the angle its axis (produced) makes with the horizon, and the axis itself is called the direction.

10. The horizontal distance to which a mortar, elevated to a given angle, and loaded with a given quantity of powder, throws a shell of a given weight, is called the range of that mortar, with that charge and elevation.

11. The inclination of a plane is the angle it makes with the horizon either above or below.

12. The directrix is the line of motion, along which the describing line or surface is carried in the genesis of any plane or solid figure.

Laws of motion in GUNNERY.

1. Spaces equally run through with equal velocities, are to one another as the times in which they are run through, and conversely.