Part 83

Genus ASTUR Lacépède, 1799.

Bill small and compressed, upper mandible with a deep notch or a strong sinuation near its tip; first primary short, third or fourth longest; tarsus rather long and with transverse plates in front and behind but the division lines between plates very obscure.

Species.

a1. Larger, length more than 330 mm.; under parts white, barred with brown or pale rufous. ... trivirgatus (p. 216) a2. Smaller; length less than 330 mm.; under parts not barred.

b1. Breast light chestnut. ... soloensis (p. 217) b2. Breast light gray. ... cuculoides (p. 218)

176. ASTUR TRIVIRGATUS (Temminck).

CRESTED GOSHAWK.

Falco trivirgatus Temminck, Pl. Col. (1824), 1, pl. 303. Astur trivirgatus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 105; Hand-List (1899), 1, 249; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 243; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 41.

Balabac (Everett); Leyte (Everett); Mindanao (Everett, Steere Exp., Platen, Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, Goodfellow); Palawan (Whitehead, Platen); Samar (Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead). Indian Peninsula, Indo-Malayan Islands, Ceylon, Formosa.

"Adult male.--Above slaty gray, the upper tail-coverts blackish and tipped with white; head and neck clearer slaty gray, including a conspicuous occipital crest, the sides of the neck somewhat tinged with rufous; quills browner than the back, primaries with rufescent shafts, barred above with dark brown, much plainer underneath, where the quills are white at the base of the inner web; tail ashy brown, paler at tip, crossed with four bands of dark brown; throat white, with a distinct black moustachial streak on each side and a broad median line; chest clear tawny-rufous; rest of under surface white, broadly banded with pale rufous, each bar of this color having a conterminous brown bar, the thighs thickly barred with ashy brown without any rufous tinge; under tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts white, spotted with brown or rufous-brown, and the axillars similarly barred. Cere orange-yellow; bill black, lead-color at base; cheeks and orbits orange; feet yellow; iris orange-yellow. Length, 356; culmen, 27; wing, 198; tail, 160; tarsus, 56.

"Adult female.--Similar to the adult male, but much larger. Length, 457; wing, 246; tarsus, 68.

"Young.--Above brown, with a fully developed occipital crest, upper tail-coverts banded with darker brown and tipped with white; quills and tail much as in the adult, the latter with five cross-bands of darker brown; under surface of body white, the throat with the three characteristic streaks like the adult, the breast broadly streaked with pale rufous, inclining to dark brown in the center of the chest, the lower breast and abdomen barred with pale rufous, the bars narrower and darker on the thighs; under tail-coverts white, with a few narrow, nearly obsolete, cross-bars; under wing-coverts buff, spotted and barred with dark brown." (Sharpe.)

177. ASTUR SOLOENSIS (Latham).

HORSFIELD'S GOSHAWK.

Falco soloensis Latham, Gen. Hist. (1821), 1, 209. Astur soloensis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 114, pl. 4, fig. 1; Hand-List (1899), 1, 250; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 245; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 41.

Basilan (McGregor); Cagayancillo (McGregor); Luzon (Whitehead); Mindanao (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Goodfellow). China and Indo-Chinese countries; in winter to Malay Peninsula, Indo-Malayan Islands, and Moluccas.

"Adult.--The adult plumage appears to be gained by a gradual mersion of the rufous stripes on the breast. Above light bluish gray, some of the feathers margined with darker gray; sides of face and neck gray like the head, but a little more dingy; under surface of the body pale buffy vinous, the throat, flanks, and thighs, as well as the under wing- and tail-coverts, white, with a slight grayish shade on the sides of the breast; quills black externally, shaded with ashy gray, under surface white at base of inner web, but having no distinct bars above or below; tail dull bluish gray above, ashy white beneath, with four or five indistinct cross-bands of dark brown, a little plainer underneath, but these not strictly continuous. Cere yellow; gape and orbits yellowish; bill black, lead-color at base; feet yellow; iris yellow. Length, 300; culmen, 19; wing, 200; tail, 137; tarsus, 48.

"Observation.--A specimen from the Philippines, nearly adult in every respect, is much deeper slate-color above, and far more ruddy and vinous below, than the one described.

"Young.--Above brown, with rufous edgings to the feathers, a little broader on the upper tail-coverts, the sides of the neck washed with rufous, the nape mottled with white; crown blackish, an ill-defined eyebrow and fore part of the cheeks white, narrowly lined with blackish brown; the ear-coverts brown, slightly washed with dull rufous; throat buffy white, with a moustachial line on each side and a median streak of brown; rest of under surface buffy white, the chest broadly streaked and the breast and flanks barred with pale rufous; under tail-coverts white; under wing-coverts clear buff, the lowest ones spotted with blackish; quills dark brown, slightly tipped with whitish, very indistinctly barred above with darker brown, underneath buffy white at the base of the inner web, indistinctly barred with dark brown, visible only on the inner webs; tail ashy brown, whitish at tip, crossed with five bars of darker brown, the under surface whitish ashy, the cross-bars more distinct, except on the outer web, where they are almost obsolete." (Sharpe.)

"Met with only in Mindanao, where it is not at all common." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Male specimen from Cagayancillo: Bill black, bluish at base; iris dark brown; cere and legs buffy yellow; nails black. Length, 285; wing, 190; tail, 131; culmen from base, 20; tarsus, 41.

178. ASTUR CUCULOIDES (Temminck).

CUCKOO GOSHAWK.

Falco cuculoides Temminck, Pl. Col. (1823), 1, pls. 110, 129. Astur cuculoides Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 115, pl. 4, fig. 2; Hand-List (1899), 1, 250; McGregor, Bull. Philippine Mus. (1904), 4, 15; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 41.

Cagayancillo (McGregor). China; in winter to the Malay Archipelago.

"Adult.--Above light slaty gray, the margins to the feathers rather darker, the ear-coverts and sides of neck a little paler than the upper surface; lores slightly whitish; under surface of body very pale vinous, somewhat tinged with ashy on sides of breast and throat, the latter being otherwise whitish; lower flanks, abdomen, under tail-coverts, and thighs white; the latter indistinctly dusted with ashy; under wing-coverts and axillars pure white; upper wing-coverts slaty gray like back; quills blackish, shaded above with slaty gray, lower surface of primaries black, all the quills white at base of inner web, more extended on the secondaries, which are ashy gray toward the tips; tail deep slaty gray, nearly uniform above, grayish ash-color below, inclining to white near base of feathers and crossed with five bands of darker brown, the subterminal one broadest. Cere yellow; bill horn-brown; feet yellow, claws black; iris dark brown. Length, 310; culmen, 18; wing, 203; tail, 127; tarsus, 51." (Sharpe.)

A male specimen from Cagayancillo measures: Length, 300; wing, 190; tail, 136; culmen from base, 20; tarsus, 40. Iris very dark brown; bill black, greenish at base; cere orange; feet light orange; nails black.

Genus ACCIPITER Brisson, 1760.