Part 76

"Female.--Fore part of head and chin white; rest of head, neck, and breast brown; upper parts dark brown, back and scapulars slightly vermiculated with white, under parts white below the breast; flanks brown, more or less vermiculated with white; vent and under tail-coverts dark brown, slightly vermiculated with white; wings duller and browner than in the male, the upper wing-coverts much less vermiculated with white. Bill and legs darker than in the male. Size somewhat less.

"Young male has the white at base of bill like the adult female, but it is of a darker and richer color.

"Male in first nuptial dress has less green metallic gloss on head and neck; the black breast-feathers have white margins; the black under tail-coverts are more or less vermiculated; in the vermiculations of the lower mantle, scapulars, and wing-coverts the dark brown predominates over the white.

"Males in molting plumage closely resemble adult females.

"Young in down.--'Crown, nape, and upper parts uniform dark olive-brown; throat, sides of head, and fore part of neck yellowish white; a dull grayish band crosses lower neck, rest of under parts dull yellowish, flanks grayish yellow; upper mandible blackish, tooth of beak yellowish; under mandible yellow.' (Dresser.)" (Salvadori.)

165. MARILA FULIGULA (Linnæus).

TUFTED DUCK.

Anas fuligula Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 128. Fuligula fuligula Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1895), 27, 363; Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 223; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 183; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 39. Nyroca fuligula Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1898), 4, 463, fig. 121 (head).

Dú-lum-pá-pa, Calayan.

Basilan (Steere Exp.); Calayan (McGregor); Luzon (Heriot, Worcester, McGregor); Palawan (White). Northern Asia; northern Europe; in winter to Greater Sunda, Marianne, and Pelew Islands; Mediterranean Sea; Abyssinia; northern Indian Peninsula; southern China.

"Adult male.--Head, neck, upper parts, and breast black; occipital feathers considerably elongated, forming a crest or tuft; sides of head with a purple gloss; a white spot on the chin; back and scapulars with obscure traces of pale vermiculations; lower breast, belly, sides, and flanks white; vent and under tail-coverts black; wings black; speculum on the secondaries white, with a black band at the tip; under wing-coverts, except the marginal ones which are dusky, and axillars white, primaries brown-gray, with the tips and the outer webs more or less blackish; tail black. Bill pale blue, with the nail black; iris brilliant golden yellow; legs and toes dark blue, the webs black. Length, about 432; wing, 203; tail, 63; culmen, 44; tarsus, 28.

"Female.--Crest smaller than in the male; upper parts and upper breast brown; under parts dull white or pale ashy brown, and less clearly defined from the brown upper breast; flanks brown; speculum as in the male; inner secondaries glossed with green.

"Young in first plumage.--Closely resemble adult females, but paler brown, especially on chin and throat; no metallic green gloss on the innermost secondaries; many white feathers at base of bill.

"Males in first nuptial dress have white margins to the black feathers of the breast, a shorter crest, no green or purple gloss on the head, and a small white spot on the chin.

"'Males in molting plumage are intermediate in color between males in first plumage and males in first nuptial plumage.

"'Young in down are dark brown, shading into nearly white on the belly.' (Seebohm.)" (Salvadori.)

The tufted duck visits the Philippine Islands during the winter months and at times may be found in large numbers; from Laguna de Bay, many live ducks are brought to the Manila markets, the present species ranking next in numbers to the common Dendrocygna arcuata.

Order PELECANIFORMES.

CORMORANTS, DARTERS, GANNETS, FRIGATE BIRDS, AND PELICANS.

Bill strong, either sharply pointed or hooked at tip; nostrils wanting or obsolete; neck moderate to very long; all the toes united by a web; chin naked and forming a more or less distensible pouch. Birds of large size, seagoing and fish-eating. The totipalmate feet and obsolete nostrils are the most obvious peculiarities of this order. Eggs bluish or white, with a white chalky covering.

Families.

a1. Tail not forked; webs between toes entire or but slightly emarginate.

b1. Bill subcylindrical; gular pouch small.

c1. Bill strongly hooked. ... Phalacrocoracidæ (p. 200) c2. Bill sharply pointed.

d1. Neck longer than body; bill slender; culmen nearly straight. ... Anhingidæ (p. 202) d2. Neck about one-half as long as body; bill heavy; culmen decurved for terminal fourth. ... Sulidæ (p. 203)

b2. Bill greatly flattened, widened near tip; gular pouch very large. ... Pelecanidæ (p. 208)

a2. Tail deeply forked; webs between toes deeply incised. ... Fregatidæ (p. 206)

Family PHALACROCORACIDÆ.