Part 5

Basilan (McGregor); Batan (McGregor); Bongao (Everett); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Cebu (Bourns & Worcester); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Heriot, Whitehead, McGregor); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester); Mindanao (Koch & Schadenberg, Clemens); Mindoro (McGregor, Porter); Negros (Layard, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Whitehead, Bourns & Worcester, White); Panay (Bourns & Worcester); Samar (Whitehead); Sibuyan (McGregor); Siquijor (Celestino); Sulu (Guillemard); Ticao (McGregor). Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Australia.

Adult male.--Upper parts dark brown; most of the feathers with light shaft-lines, large subterminal black blotches, and some black bars; the black markings heaviest on lower back; forehead, circumorbital area, sides of neck, breast, and flanks slate-blue; chin, upper throat, and lower half of face black; throat patch bordered posteriorly by a wide, crescentic, white patch which is bordered posteriorly by a narrow black band; a white included patch on side of face from lower mandible to below ear, the anterior end of which is pointed; a narrow white line from below nostril to eye; a patch of rich chestnut covering middle of abdomen and lower breast; wings sandy brown; coverts and secondaries vermiculated with darker brown; tail chestnut; upper tail-coverts chestnut mixed with slate-blue. Iris deep red; bill dark blue, black along upper part; legs dark yellow; nails brown. Length about 135. Five males measure: Wing, 66 to 70; tail-coverts, 26 to 28; exposed culmen, 9 to 11; tarsus, 18 to 19.

Adult female.--Upper parts and wings as in the male, but with a light buff, median line on head; forehead, sides of head, and throat dark buff; the black and white throat patch of male replaced in female by an equal area of dark buff in which the white bases of feathers show through on chin and upper throat; a line of fine black spots from gape to below ear-coverts; breast and flanks light buff, each feather crossed by one to three crescentic marks of blackish brown; middle of abdomen white or with a pale buff wash. Five females measure: Wing, 67 to 71; tail-coverts, 22 to 26; exposed culmen, 10 to 11; tarsus, 17 to 18.5.

Young.--In a very young chick from Sibuyan, sex undetermined, the upper parts, including wings and coverts, are blackish brown; top of head marked with three buffy lines extending from forehead to nape and separated by wide blackish brown bands; wing-coverts and feathers of back with edges and shafts buff; chin and throat pale yellow; upper breast, sides, and flanks black with wide white shaft-stripes; belly dirty yellowish buff. A nearly full grown male in mixed plumage, from Calapan, has the black chin-spot developed, the white patches partly developed, and the breast, abdomen, and flanks retain some of the old striped feathers of the first plumage along with the new chestnut and slate feathers. The young female of E. chinensis is said to have the upper breast and sides spotted; as age increases these spots resolve themselves into transverse bars. The young female of E. lineata probably undergoes a similar change of plumage.

Both the painted and bustard quails frequent grassy fields and plains, usually in small companies. When flushed they fly but a short distance and seldom get up a second time, seeming to place more reliance on running than on flight. Except Polyplectron the genera of the Philippine Turnicidæ and Phasianidæ range from the coasts to the highlands.

Genus GALLUS Brisson, 1760.

Head surmounted by a fleshy comb; a wattle on each side of throat; tail laterally compressed, the central feathers being higher than the lateral ones; the former greatly elongated and curved in the males; feathers of neck and rump long and pointed; each tarsus armed with a long sharp spur.

3. GALLUS GALLUS (Linnæus).

RED JUNGLE FOWL.

Phasianus gallus Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 158. Gallus bankiva Temminck, Pig. et Gall. (1813), 2, 87. Gallus gallus Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 22, 344; Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 39; Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1901), 1, 59; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 8. ? Gallus stramineicollis Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1879), 317.

La-bú-yu, Lubang, Manila, and generally; ma-noc' i-has', Bohol.

Balabac (Steere); Basilan (Everett, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Bohol (McGregor); Bongao (Everett); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Camiguin N. (McGregor); Calayan (McGregor); Cebu (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Fuga (Whitehead, McGregor); Guimaras (Meyer, Steere Exp.); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Meyer, Schmacker, Whitehead, McGregor); Marinduque (Steere Exp.); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester); Mindanao (Everett, Steere Exp., Goodfellow); Mindoro (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor, Porter); Negros (Bourns & Worcester, Keay); Palawan (Steere, Whitehead, Platen, Bourns & Worcester, White); Panay (Steere, Bourns & Worcester); Romblon (Bourns & Worcester); Samar (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Sibuyan (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Siquijor (Steere Exp., Celestino); Sulu (Guillemard, Bourns & Worcester); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor). Malay and Indian Peninsulas, Indo-Malayan Islands, Indo-Chinese countries.

Adult male.--Sides of head, chin, and throat clothed with scattered hair-like feathers; ear protected by short close-set feathers; feathers on top of head, neck, and mantle lanceolate, those of mantle very long; head, neck, and sides of neck dark reddish brown, becoming lighter and yellowish near ends of longest feathers, and forming a zone of orange-yellow, the tips again darker, reddish, and shaft-lines darker; mantle feathers hidden by hackles, and lesser coverts blackish brown with slight gloss; lower back and median coverts rich maroon-red forming a wide crescent; lanceolate rump feathers dark orange-red; below (except a few lanceolate reddish feathers on throat) blackish brown with a slight green gloss not always evident; primaries dark brown edged with buff; secondaries dark brown with exposed outer webs dark cinnamon, mottled near tips; alula and greater coverts blackish brown, the latter with green and purple gloss; tail and its upper coverts black, glossed with green; middle pair of rectrices curved outward and about twice the length of next pair. Top of head decorated with a deeply emarginated, fleshy comb, crimson in color; a wattle on each side of throat also crimson; a round lappet below each ear light bluish; other bare areas of head and neck pale crimson; bill dark brown above, lighter below; legs gray, spurs black, nails dark brown. The length varies greatly, of course, with the development of central rectrices. A male from Mariveles, Bataan measures, 660 in length; wing, flat on rule, 235; tail, 368; bill from front of comb, 17; tarsus, 74; middle toe with claw, 59; spur, 24. A male from Fuga, tail, 508; spur, 28.

"Adult female.--Top of the head rust-red, shading into orange on the neck and pale yellow on the upper mantle, each feather with a wide black stripe down the center; rest of upper parts pale reddish brown, finely mottled with black and with pale shafts; quills blackish brown, the outer half of the outer webs of secondaries mottled with pale reddish brown; fore part of neck chestnut; chest and breast pale light red, shading into pale reddish brown on sides, flanks, and belly, each feather with a pale shaft; under tail-coverts brownish black; tail-feathers like the secondaries, the center pair of feathers mottled on the margins of both webs, and the outer pairs on the outer web, with pale rufous. Soft parts much the same as those of the male; comb very much smaller, and wattles absent. Length, 420; wing, 190; tail, 140; tarsus, 61.

"Immature males have the hackles of the mantle much paler than in the majority of adult birds and mostly with dark shaft-stripes; the chestnut part of the outer webs of the secondaries finely mottled with black nearly to the margins; the feathers underlying the hackles of the mantle dull, brownish black without any green gloss, and the comb and wattles rudimentary." (Grant.)

Chick.--Below light yellow-buff, palest on chin; throat, upper breast, and sides of neck washed with brownish buff; top and sides of head dark yellow-buff; a band from above angle of mouth backward through eye to side of neck dark cinnamon, bordered above with blackish brown; middle of crown and hind neck with a wide, black-bordered cinnamon patch which becomes diffused on interscapular region, reappears on middle of back and is continued to the tail; the black bordered on each side with light buff followed by dark brown; wings and tail light brown, speckled and vermiculated with darker brown. Iris light brown; bill, legs, and nails flesh. Small chicks were taken in Mariveles, Province of Bataan, March 8, 1902, and at Irisan, Province of Benguet, on April 30, 1903.

Nest.--A slight hollow dug in the earth in the shelter of bushes or grass is the usual nest. The eggs are much smaller than with domestic varieties; four from a nest found February 26, 1904, near Mariveles, Bataan, measure respectively: 47 by 36; 44 by 34; 45 by 35; 46 by 35. In color the eggs are light creamy buff; the shape is similar to that found in eggs from the domestic varieties.

The jungle fowl is found throughout the Philippines and the males are frequently domesticated by the natives and used for their national pastime of cock fighting. In this country at least the wild chickens afford the gunner no sport whatever as they habitually remain within thick tangles of brush where wing-shots are impossible, or, if by chance caught in the open, they scurry to the nearest thicket. There is no great difficulty, however, in securing specimens, if one cares to kill them sitting. Their flesh is usually tender and more savory than that of the domestic birds. The male has a high falsetto voice resembling very much that of a young domestic cock. Delighting in small growth mixed with a tangle of bamboo and rattan, especially if near cultivated fields, this species generally avoids true forest unless there be near-by clearings. The natives are very successful in taking the cocks alive by employing a live decoy which they picket within a small corral of snares.

Genus POLYPLECTRON Temminck, 1807.

Bill similar to that of Gallus; feathers of crown forming a long crest; wings short and rounded; rectrices twenty-four in number and greatly graduated; upper tail-coverts lengthened; tarsi covered with transverse plates and each tarsus armed with two or three sharp spurs; tarsus longer than middle toe with claw.

4. POLYPLECTRON NAPOLEONIS Lesson.

PALAWAN PEACOCK PHEASANT.

Polyplectron napoleonis Lesson, Traité d'Orn. (1831), 487, 650; Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 22, 361; Bourns and Worcester, Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. Occ. Papers (1894), 1, 43; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 8. Polyplectron nehrkornæ Blasius, Mitth. orn. Ver. Wien (1891), 1; Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 22, 360. Polyplectrum napoleonis Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 39.

Pavo real, Spanish name.

Palawan (Everett, Whitehead, Platen, Bourns & Worcester, White).

Adult male.--Black; top of head, crest, and hind neck green, changing with the light to purple; a large white patch from base of lower mandible extending over ear-coverts; a narrow superciliary line of white (this line is absent in some specimens; in others wider and confluent on nape); mantle, secondaries, and greater and median wing-coverts green, changing to blue and purple, bases of the feathers black; remainder of wing brown or blackish; back and rump black, thickly marked with small, rusty buff spots; longest coverts and rectrices similar but the spots fewer and lighter and each feather with two large, round or oval spots of peacock-green, surrounded by a black ring and an outer gray ring; longest coverts tipped with a narrow line of pale buff; rectrices tipped with lines of black, gray, white, and gray, the white line narrow and sharply defined; under parts all black, except tail-coverts which are speckled with buff. "Bill black tipped with pale horn-color; eyes chocolate-brown; legs, feet, and nails brown." (Bourns and Worcester.) A male from Iwahig, Palawan, measures: Wing, 190; tail, 240; exposed culmen, 28; bill from nostril, 15; tarsus, 66; middle toe with claw, 56.

Female.--Top of head and a short crest dark brown; sides of face, chin, and throat white; remainder of the plumage brown, more rusty above and on wings, finely speckled with dark brown and black; tail with the large round metallic spots of the male replaced by black spots having little or no metallic color. A female from Iwahig, Palawan, measures: Wing, 180; tail, 183; exposed culmen, 22; bill from nostril, 13; tarsus, 54; middle toe with claw, 48.

Young.--"An immature male resembles the female, but has tail and greater coverts like those of adult male, though the ocelli are much smaller and absent on inner webs of all the tail-feathers except three middle pairs; one or two feathers of mantle have a metallic bluish green patch in the middle and traces are apparent of black plumage on mantle, wing-coverts, throat, and under parts." (Grant.)