Part 275

a2. Forehead blue; sides of breast green ... Reichenowia (p. 692)

Genus PADDA Reichenbach, 1850.

Bill large, length of culmen about twice the width of upper mandible; tail nearly square; rectrices but slightly, if at all, pointed; legs and feet stout. Head and chin black; a large white patch covering face and ear-coverts; young with under parts buff and the head without the black and white markings.

700. PADDA ORYZIVORA (Linnæus).

JAVA SPARROW.

Loxia oryzivora Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 173. Munia oryzivora Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1890), 13, 328; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 105.

Maí-ang cos'-ta, Manila.

Guimaras (Steere Exp.); Luzon (Heriot, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Mindanao (Steere); Panay (Bourns & Worcester); Samar (Bourns & Worcester). Java, Sumatra, Malacca.

Adult (sexes similar).--Lores, entire top of head, chin, fore throat, rump, upper tail-coverts, and rectrices black; sides of head and ear-coverts white forming a large conspicuous patch; entire back, lower throat, fore breast, sides of throat and of breast, secondaries, and secondary-coverts lilac-gray; lower breast, abdomen, and flanks dark vinaceous; thighs and crissum white; alula, primaries, and primary-coverts slate-gray, edged with cinereous. Bill, legs, and nails pink. A male from Luzon measures: Length, 135; wing, 69; tail, 49; culmen from base, 16; tarsus, 18.

Young.--Above smoke-gray and drab-gray; breast and throat light drab-gray; sides of face, chin, abdomen, thighs, and crissum cream-buff.

The Java sparrow occurs in some abundance in the vicinity of Manila, but is rarely found in other localities in the Philippines.

Genus MUNIA Hodgson, 1836.

In Munia the bill is shorter in proportion to its width than in Padda; rectrices slightly graduated and, except the two of three outer pairs, sharply pointed at their tips.

Species.

a1. Back and wing-coverts chestnut; head, throat, and chin black or blackish brown (adult).

b1. Head black ... jagori (p. 689) b2. Head dark smoky brown ... formosana (p. 690)

a2. Back and wing-coverts hair-brown or wood-brown; head nearly uniform with the back.

b1. Upper parts with white shaft-lines; chin and middle of throat rich vandyke-brown; remainder of under parts mottled (adult) ... cabanisi (p. 690) b2. Upper parts without shaft-lines; chin and throat nearly uniform with remaining under parts which are not mottled (young).

c1. Larger; breast and abdomen rich buff ... jagori (p. 689); formosana (p. 690) c2. Smaller; breast and abdomen cream-buff ... cabanisi (p. 690)

701. MUNIA JAGORI Martens.

PHILIPPINE WEAVER.

Munia (Dermophrys) jagori "Cabanis," Martens, Jour. für Orn. (1866), 14. Munia jagori Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1890), 13, 337; Grant and Whitehead, Ibis (1898), 245 (eggs); Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 241 (habits); McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 105. Munia brunneiceps Grant, Ibis (1895), 261; (1896), 554 (=jagori in worn plumage). ? Fringilla minuta Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Cur. (1834), 16, suppl. prin. 86, pl. 12.

Bi-ching, Benguet; maí-ya, Ticao; má-ja, Bohol.

Balabac (Everett); Bantayan (McGregor); Banton (Celestino); Batan (McGregor); Basilan (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Bohol (Everett, Steere Exp., McGregor); Bongao (Everett); Cagayan Sulu (Mearns); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Calayan (McGregor); Cantanduanes (Whitehead); Cebu (Meyer, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Fuga (McGregor); Guimaras (Steere Exp.); Leyte (Everett, Steere Exp., Bartsch); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Mindanao (Steere, Murray, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino); Mindoro (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Negros (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Keay, Whitehead, Celestino); Palawan (Whitehead, Bourns & Worcester, White); Panay (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Polillo (McGregor); Romblon (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Samar (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Semirara (Worcester); Sibay (McGregor & Worcester); Sibuyan (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Siquijor (Bourns & Worcester); Sulu (Guillemard, Bourns & Worcester, Bartsch); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester); Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor).

Adult.--Entire head, chin, throat, and chest blackish brown; hind neck and sides of neck usually lighter or chocolate-brown, sharply defined against the chestnut of back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and edges of quills; sides of breast, flanks, and a narrow band across breast chestnut, brighter than the back; middle of lower breast, abdomen, thighs, and crissum, black or blackish brown; rump and tail-coverts deep maroon; tips of longest coverts and edges of two central rectrices golden brown or orange-rufous. Iris dark brown; bill, legs, and nails light horn-blue. A pair from Luzon measure: Male, length, 120; wing, 54; tail, 39; culmen from base, 11; tarsus, 16; female, wing, 54; tail, 38; culmen from base, 10; tarsus, 13.

Young.--Head and neck hair-brown; back and wing-coverts wood-brown, tail-coverts lighter; throat creamy buff; breast, abdomen, and crissum yellowish buff; rectrices and wing-feathers dark brown edged with buff.

The Philippine chestnut weaver, or rice bird, is abundant throughout the Islands. It is extremely social in its habits and in many cases a dozen of its globular nests may be found within a radius of a few meters.

The nests are frequently built among the branches of a common species of pandanus which grows on sandy beaches. Chestnut weavers in great numbers, and Munia cabanisi, Padda oryzivora, and Uroloncha everetti in lesser numbers, are captured in nets and sold, either in the Manila markets for food or on the streets as cage-birds.