Part 220

BICOLORED REDSTART.

Chimarrhornis bicolor Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club (1894), 3, 44; Ibis (1894), 509, pl. 15, fig. 2; (1895), 446; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 217 (habits); Sharpe, Hand-List (1903), 4, 150; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 85.

U-li-si-u, Irisan, Benguet Province.

Luzon (Whitehead, McGregor).

Male.--General color slate-blue, throat darker; chin, jaw, and lores black; abdomen, crissum, flanks, rump, and upper tail-coverts rich chestnut; thighs slate-gray, tail chestnut; wing-feathers dark brown, their edges slate-blue. Bill and nails black; legs and feet very dark brown. Length, 152; wing, 77; tail, 58; culmen from base, 14; bill from nostril, 8.5; tarsus, 25; middle toe with claw, 21.

Female.--Similar to the male but duller in color; rump, tail-coverts, and tail brown, very slightly chestnut. Length, 152; wing, 75; tail, 55; culmen from base, 15; bill from nostril, 8.5; tarsus, 25; middle toe with claw, 21.

Young.--A young male taken in June, 1903, has the plumage dark smoke-gray, almost black, the feathers of throat, breast, and wing-coverts faintly tipped with gray; wings and tail as in the adult and a few new feathers of head, neck, breast, and abdomen indicating the adult colors.

Genus CALLIOPE Gould, 1837.

Bill slender; culmen from base nearly equal to hind toe with claw; wing long and pointed; first primary more than one-half second and longer than tarsus; tail rounded, about three-fourths as long as wing. Throat white or bright red.

540. CALLIOPE CALLIOPE (Pallas).

SIBERIAN RUBYTHROAT.

Motacilla calliope Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs (1776), 3, 697. Erithacus calliope Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 5, 305. Calliope camtschatkensis Oates, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1890), 2, 102, fig. 29 (head); Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 214 (habits). Calliope calliope Sharpe, Hand-List (1903), 4, 155; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1905), 4, 149; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1900), 85.

Pi-lóy, Manila.

Calayan (McGregor); Luzon (Everett, Whitehead, McGregor); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester); Mindoro (Whitehead); Negros (Whitehead). Siberia and northern China; in winter to southern China, Burmese Provinces, northern and central India; accidental in Europe.

Male.--Above olive-brown, at times more or less ashy; line over lores and over eye white; lores and line under eye black, below this a broader white line; base of jaw black; chin and throat-patch bright strawberry-red surrounded by a narrow line of black; chest ashy gray; middle of breast and abdomen white; sides of abdomen and flanks light buff-brown; tail-coverts white, washed with buff. Iris brown; bill dusky brown, nearly black with its base whitish; legs and nails dark flesh-color. Length, about 160 mm. A male from Calayan measures: Wing, 80; tail, 64; culmen from base, 15; bill from nostril, 9; tarsus, 30; middle toe with claw, 24.

Female.--Differs from the male in having black lines on sides of head and throat replaced by brown; loral feathers with brown tips; throat-patch white; no ashy gray on breast. A female from Calayan measures: Wing, 78; tail, 63; culmen from base, 15; bill from nostril, 10; tarsus, 29.

"Birds of the year have the brown of both the upper and under parts more ochraceous, and the male resembles the female, except in having traces of red on the throat. Young in first plumage appear to be unknown." (Seebohm.)

Genus COPSYCHUS Wagler, 1827.

Bill moderately stout, when measured from nostril less than hind toe with claw; rictal bristles small; wing pointed, slightly concave, and less than tail in length; first primary more than one-half the second, and much longer than tarsus; rectrices long, narrow, and strongly graduated; outstretched feet not reaching tips of shortest pair of rectrices. Colors black and white, the tail entirely black in the only Philippine species. Sexes somewhat unlike in colors.

541. COPSYCHUS MINDANENSIS (Boddaert).

DOMINICO.

Turdus mindanensis Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl. (1783), 38. Turdus mindanænsis Gmelin, Syst. Nat. (1788), 1, pt. 1, 823. Copsychus mindanensis Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. (1875), 9, 194, pl. 33, fig. 1; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1883), 7, 60; Hand-List (1903), 4, 159; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 218 (habits); McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 86.

A-ni-ní-hol, Siquijor; do-mi-ní-co, Manila.

Bantayan (McGregor); Basilan (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Bohol (McGregor); Bongao (Everett); Cebu (Meyer, Everett, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Guimaras (Meyer, Steere Exp.); Lapac (Bartsch); Leyte (Everett); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Everett, Möllendorff, Steere Exp., Whitehead, McGregor, Bartsch); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Mindanao (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Goodfellow); Mindoro (Bourns & Worcester, Everett, McGregor); Negros (Layard, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Keay); Romblon (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor, Bartsch); Samar (Steere Exp.); Semirara? (Worcester); Sibuyan (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Siquijor (Bourns & Worcester, Celestino); Sulu (Guillemard, Bourns & Worcester); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester, Celestino); Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor); Verde (McGregor).

Male.--Upper parts and entire head, throat, and breast glossy blue-black; axillars, under wing-coverts, and feathers of thighs black, tipped with white; remainder of under parts white; wings and tail black, outer webs of the feathers glossy; inner wing-coverts entirely white (but one of the greater coverts occasionally half black); two secondaries with outer webs white. Length, about 185 mm. A specimen from Siquijor measures: Wing, 92; tail, 90; culmen from base, 20; bill from nostril, 14; tarsus, 25.

Female.--Similar to the male, but upper parts duller; forehead, lores, chin, throat, and breast ash-gray; flanks and crissum washed with pale fulvous. A female measures: Wing, 83; tail, 83; culmen from base, 18; bill from nostril, 12.

Young.--Colors similar to adult in pattern, but upper parts dull black; chin, throat, and breast dark smoke-gray, spotted with white and pale buff.

"A showy bird, commonly seen in low bushes and about clumps of bamboo, close to the ground, or on it. The male is constantly opening and closing his tail, and seems to be a vain fellow, well aware of his good looks, and disposed to make the most of them. He is a fine singer as well. Seven males average 203 in length; wing, 107; tail, 105; culmen, 20; tarsus, 26; middle toe with claw, 24. Four females, length, 199; wing, 84; tail, 83; culmen, 18.5; tarsus, 23; middle toe with claw, 23. Iris and bill black; legs and feet nearly black. Breeding in Mindanao in the month of May." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)