Part 196

e1. Eye not surrounded by a wattle; tail without a light tip.

f1. Head uncrested; plumage mostly bright green. ... Chloropsis (p. 498) f2. Head slightly crested; culmen from base less than tarsus; with no green in the plumage. ... Pycnonotus (p. 515)

e2. Eye surrounded by a narrow wattle; tail with a wide white tip. ... Poliolophus (p. 512)

d2. Hairs on nape very long, their exposed portions longer than one-half the tarsus. ... Trichophorus (p. 514)

b2. Primaries exceeding the secondaries by more than length of tarsus.

c1. Feathers of crown and nape rounded; hairs on nape well developed, extending beyond the feathers for more than two-thirds the length of bill from nostril; plumage entirely blue and black. ... Irena (p. 499) c2. Feathers of crown and nape pointed; hairs on nape usually shorter; plumage usually brown or gray, mottled with whitish; plumage rarely yellow.

d1. Rictal bristles less than one-half the tarsus in length. ... Hypsipetes (p. 502) d2. Rictal bristles more than one-half the tarsus in length. ... Iole (p. 504)

Genus ÆGITHINA Vieillot, 1816.

Wings short and curved to the body; secondaries nearly as long as primaries; a large tuft of long, white, silky feathers on each side of lower breast; tarsus slightly greater than culmen from base; lower parts bright yellow; wings black, barred with white.

468. ÆGITHINA VIRIDIS (Bonaparte).

BLACK-WINGED IORA.

Jora viridis Bonaparte, Consp. Genera Avium (1850), 1, 397. Ægithina viridis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 6, 11; Hand-List (1901), 3, 306; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 302; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 78.

Palawan (Steere, Everett, Whitehead, Platen, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor, Celestino, White). Sumatra and Borneo.

Male.--Forehead, lores, supercilia, sides of face, and under parts golden yellow, becoming slightly paler on abdomen and tail-coverts; above yellowish green; upper tail-coverts, wings, and tail black; outer webs of inner primaries narrowly edged with pale yellow; inner webs, except that of first primary, broadly edged with white; secondaries edged with white on both webs; lesser wing-coverts black; median coverts with wide white tips forming a bar; greater coverts edged with white near their tips forming a second bar. A male from Palawan measures: Wing, 66; tail, 51; culmen from base, 18; bill from nostril, 12; tarsus, 20.

Female.--Above similar to the male, but forehead more greenish, and tail and coverts green like the back; under parts lighter yellow than in the male; wings blackish and the tail-markings more or less washed with yellowish green. A female measures: Wing, 62; tail, 51; culmen from base, 17.5; tarsus, 18.

"Very common in Palawan but not found by us in the Calamianes. Five males average: Length, 146; wing, 63; tail, 50; culmen, 19; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 16. Four females, length, 138; wing, 60; tail, 52; culmen, 18; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 16. Iris light yellow to grayish white; legs and feet slate-blue; nails darker than feet; upper mandible black, gray along gape; lower mandible grayish white." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Genus CHLOROPSIS Jardine and Selby, 1826.

A distinct notch near the tip of each mandible; tarsus slightly less than culmen from base; difference between the length of primaries and of secondaries equal to about two-thirds of tarsus. Plumage nearly all bright grass-green, the difference between the sexes very slight.

Species.

a1. Chin and throat bright yellow. ... palawanensis (p. 498) a2. Chin and throat light green, the chin slightly washed with yellow. ... flavipennis (p. 499)

469. CHLOROPSIS PALAWANENSIS (Sharpe).

PALAWAN LEAFBIRD.

Phyllornis palawanensis Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2d. ser. Zool. (1877), 1, 333, figs. 1 and 2. Chloropsis palawanensis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 6, 33; Hand-List (1901), 3, 308; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 78.

Balabac (Everett); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Steere, Whitehead, Platen, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, White).

Male.--Grass-green, much darker above than below; lores and a small patch at base of lower mandible light blue, behind the latter a moustachial line of lilac, above this and below eye a band of golden yellow; eye surrounded by a circle of purple feathers; chin and throat golden yellow; lesser wing-coverts on bend of wing bluish purple; remainder of secondary-coverts and secondaries edged with green; alula and primary-coverts blue, slightly washed with purple; primaries black, edged with light blue on outer webs and with white on inner webs; rectrices, below dark gray; above blue, washed with green, shafts black. A male from Palawan measures: W0ing, 89; tail, 72; culmen from base, 21; bill from nostril, 14.5; tarsus, 15.

Female.--Scarcely differs in color from the male, but the moustachial streak dark purplish blue. A female measures: Wing, 82; tail, 65; culmen from base, 22; tarsus, 17.

"Common in Palawan and in the Calamianes, but difficult to see on account of its color. Found in the forests, second growth, and mangrove swamps. Seven males average: Length, 189; wing, 90; tail, 67; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 17; culmen, 23. Four females, length, 182; wing, 83; tail, 63; culmen, 23; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 18. Iris brown; legs and feet slate-gray; bill black." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

470. CHLOROPSIS FLAVIPENNIS (Tweeddale).