Part 191

e1. Smaller; wing, 123 mm ... everetti (p. 488) e2. Larger; wing, 130 mm ... elusum (p. 489)

c2. Entire head and throat gray, uniform with back and breast (females).

d1. Rump and upper tail-coverts whitish gray, much paler than the back. ... mindanense (p. 488) d2. Rump and upper tail-coverts gray, uniform in color with the back.

e1. Smaller; wing, 117 mm ... everetti (p. 488) e2. Larger; wing, 125 mm ... elusum (p. 489)

a2. Crissum, tips of rectrices, and wing-band pure white.

b1. Forehead, lores, cheeks, throat, and breast black, slightly glossed with greenish (male) ... panayense (p. 487) b2. Entire head, throat, and breast gray like back and abdomen (female). ... panayense (p. 487)

453. EDOLISOMA CÆRULESCENS (Blyth).

LUZON CUCKOO SHRIKE.

Ceblepyris cærulescens Blyth, Jour. As. Soc. Bengal (1842), 11, 463. Volvocivora (?) cærulescens Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. (1875), 9, 178, pl. 30, fig. 2. Edoliisoma cærulescens Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1879), 4, 44; Hand-List (1901), 3, 294; Grant and Whitehead, Ibis (1898), 235, pl. 6, fig. 3 (egg); Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 102 (habits); Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 295; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 77.

Luzon (Meyer, Everett, Möllendorff, Whitehead, Steere Exp., McGregor).

Male.--Entire plumage black; head, neck, back, and under parts slightly glossed with blue; wings very faintly glossed with dark green. Iris dark; bill, legs, and nails black. Length, about 260; measurements of four males, wing, 127 to 136; tail, 109 to 127; bill from nostril, 18 to 20; depth of bill at angle of gonys, 8.1 to 8.4.

Female.--Under parts uniform dull smoke-gray; above darker and nearly black; upper tail-coverts edged with smoke-gray; wings and tail black, slightly glossed with green. Wing, 125; tail, 115; culmen from base, 23; bill from nostril, 18; tarsus, 21.

The single egg secured by Whitehead in Benguet Province, Luzon, March 14, 1894, was taken from the bird. The egg is thus described:

"Shape ovate. Ground-color pale blue, spotted and dotted over the entire shell. Under-markings gray and grayish lilac; over-markings dark brown. Measurements 29 mm. by 21 mm." (Grant and Whitehead.)

454. EDOLISOMA ALTERUM Ramsay.

CEBU CUCKOO SHRIKE.

Edoliosoma alterum Ramsay, Ibis (1881), 34. Edoliisoma alterum Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 294; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 77.

Cebu (Everett, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor).

Male.--Very similar to the male of E. cærulescens being entirely black; all the plumage slightly glossed with dark green. Iris brown; bill, legs, and nails black. Length, about 260; measurements of four males, wing, 126 to 136; tail, 110 to 120; bill from nostril, 18 to 19; depth of bill at angle of gonys, 8 to 9.

Female.--Similar to the female of E. cærulescens, but much lighter; head, neck, and body slate-gray, somewhat darker above than below; two or three pairs of outer tail-feathers tipped with gray. Wing, 130; tail, 117; culmen from base, 25; bill from nostril, 19; tarsus, 22.

"This cuckoo shrike is fairly common in Cebu; it usually frequents high trees in forest where it may be found in small flocks. Seven males average: Length, 260; wing, 129; tail, 120; culmen, 28; tarsus, 23; middle toe with claw, 23. Four females, length, 249; wing, 120; tail, 113; culmen, 28; tarsus, 22; middle toe with claw, 21. Iris dark brown; bill, legs, feet, and nails black. Food in one case large caterpillars." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

455. EDOLISOMA PANAYENSE Steere.

VISAYAN CUCKOO SHRIKE.

Edoliisoma (Graucalus) panayensis Steere, List Birds & Mams. Steere Exped. (1890), 14. Edoliisoma panayense Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 103; Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 294; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 77.

Guimaras (Steere Exp.); Negros (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, Keay); Panay (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester).

"Male.--Above lead-black, lighter and washed with ashy on rump and upper tail-coverts; throat, breast, wings, and tail clear black; flanks and thighs plumbeous black; under wing- and tail-coverts white; wing-coverts and outer edges of secondaries forming a white wing-bar as in Lalage; feathers of tail tipped with white.

"Female.--Plumbeous gray above and below; wings and tail as in male. Legs and beak black. Length, 264; wing, 133; tail, 127; culmen, 25; tarsus, 22." (Steere.)

"Four males average as follows: Wing, 128; tail, 120; culmen, 30; tarsus, 23; middle toe with claw, 21. A female, wing, 118; tail, 108; culmen, 28; tarsus, 22; middle toe with claw, 21. Bill, legs, feet, and nails black. Common in the woods of Panay and Negros. Always found by us in flocks and usually in very high trees." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)