Part 181

Adult.--Very similar to X. rufus, but lighter in color and with the central rectrices not greatly exceeding the next pair. See also the notes under X. rufus.

Young.--Not distinguishable from the young of X. rufus.

"Both this and Z. rufus are strictly deep woods forms, never seen about open country. Eight males from Basilan and Tawi Tawi average: Length, 187; wing, 87; tail, 85; culmen, 24; tarsus, 20; middle toe with claw, 18. Two females, length, 182; wing, 85; tail, 80; culmen, 23; tarsus, 16; middle toe with claw, 18. Iris bright slaty blue to black; nails black; bill blue to black; eye-wattles blue." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

426. XEOCEPHUS CYANESCENS Sharpe.

LARGE BLUE FLYCATCHER.

Zeocephus cyanescens Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2d. ser. Zool. (1877), 1, 328; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1879), 4, 343; Hand-List (1901), 3, 262; Whitehead, Ibis (1893), 49; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 74.

Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Steere, Lempriere, Platen, Whitehead, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, White).

Male.--General color grayish cobalt or smalt-blue; chin, lores, a small spot at base of lower mandible, and a narrow frontal line velvety black; primaries and secondaries black, edged with blue; rectrices black below and their shafts black. "Eye black; bill and legs cobalt-blue; inside of mouth bright green." (Whitehead.) Length, about 215; wing, 93; tail, 100; culmen from base, 23; bill from nostril, 15; tarsus, 17.

Female.--Similar to the male, but abdomen and crissum whitish. Wing, 93; tail, 95; culmen from base, 22; bill from nostril, 14; tarsus, 16.

Young.--Similar to the adult, but lores and forehead blue; back buffy brown; remiges and rectrices largely buffy brown; under tail-coverts white washed with buff.

"Quite common both in Palawan and the Calamianes. A forest form. Four males average: Length, 220; wing, 96; tail, 100; culmen, 25; tarsus, 16; middle toe with claw, 18. Five females, length, 200; wing, 89; tail, 89; culmen, 23; tarsus, 16; middle toe with claw, 17. Iris black; legs and feet blue; nails black; bill blue, deepest at base, tip sometimes black; eye-wattles blue." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Genus CALLAEOPS Grant, 1895.

"A new genus of Muscicapidæ most nearly allied to Arses, which it resembles in having a disk-like wattle formed by the prolongation of the eyelid, which entirely surrounds the rather large eye. As in Terpsiphone, there is a large, full, occipital crest, and the tarsi and toes are short and slender; but the tail is like that of Rhipidura, wedge-shaped and composed of twelve feathers, the outer pair being two-thirds of the length of the middle pair. The first flight-feather is half the length of the second, which is about equal to the tenth; the fourth being slightly the longest." (Grant.)

427. CALLAEOPS PERIOPTHALMICA Grant.

SHORT-TAILED PARADISE FLYCATCHER.

Callaeops periopthalmica Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club (1895), 4, 18; Ibis (1895), 253; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 108; Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 263; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 74.

Luzon (Whitehead).

"Adult male.--General color deep black with a slight purplish gloss, especially on the back and breast; the middle of lower breast and belly white, the under tail-coverts being edged with the same color. Wattle surrounding the eye, bill, and feet said to be pale blue. Length, 216; wing, 89; tail, 114; tarsus, 15. The only specimen sent home by Whitehead was not of his own collecting, but purchased in Manila and, as I understand, said to have been obtained in that vicinity. The color of the soft parts and sex are, I fancy, only given on the authority of the collector from whom the bird was obtained." (Grant.)

Genus TERPSIPHONE Gloger, 1827.

Bill large and depressed; rictal bristles numerous, coarse, and long; head with a full occipital crest; eye surrounded by a wide fleshy wattle; rectrices graduated. The sexes are similar in plumage during the first two years and the birds breed in this immature condition. In the third year the male develops a distinctive plumage and his central rectrices grow to twice the length of the second pair.

Species.

a1. Adult male mostly pure white; rectrices white with black shafts. ... affinis (p. 465) a2. Adult male mostly black; rectrices black. ... nigra (p. 466)

428. TERPSIPHONE AFFINIS (Blyth).

MALAY PARADISE FLYCATCHER.

Tchitrea affinis Blyth, Jour. As. Soc. Bengal (1846), 15, 292. Terpsiphone affinis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1879), 4, 349; Hand-List (1901), 3, 263; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 280; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 75.

Luzon (Cuming). Malay Peninsula, eastern Himalayas, Indo-Chinese Provinces, Assam, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

"Adult male.--General color pure white, with shaft-lines of black, especially distinct on the greater coverts; quills black, externally edged with white, the inner secondaries white, with longitudinal black centers to the feathers; tail-feathers white, with blackish edges and with distinct black shafts; head, sides of face, and entire throat greenish black, without much metallic gloss; remainder of under surface of body, including the under wing-coverts, pure white; quills blackish below, broadly white along the inner web. Length, 411; culmen, 19; wing, 91; tail, 132; middle tail-feathers, 330; tarsus, 15.

"Adult female.--General color orange-rufous, brown on the mantle and scapulars; rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail chestnut; wing-coverts like the back, the greater series orange-rufous, dusky brown on the inner webs; alula, primary-coverts, and primaries black, with a narrow edging of orange-rufous, the secondaries more broadly margined, the innermost being entirely orange-rufous, with longitudinal blackish centers; crown and a moderate crest glossy steel-blue; sides of face and a narrow collar around the hind neck and entire throat and breast ashy gray; remainder of the under surface yellowish buff, sides of the body washed with orange, as also the under tail-coverts, which are slightly more rufous; under wing-coverts rufescent, whiter at base; quills dark brown below, rufous along the inner web. Length, 198; culmen, 22; wing, 90; tail, 105; tarsus, 15.