Part 171

"Adult female.--Even more different from the female of S. pallidipes: the lores are rust-colored instead of white, and a short superciliary band of the same color reaches as far as the eye, above this there is a line of pale blue feathers, confluent across the forehead; the basal part of the outer webs of the tail-feathers washed with pale blue instead of reddish chestnut. Sides of the face dark brown, shading gradually into the rust-colored throat, whereas in the female of S. pallidipes the sides of the head are gray, and sharply defined from the bright rust-colored throat. Length, 134; culmen, 16; wing, 74; tail, 55; tarsus, 18." (Grant.)

I have not seen the description of Cyornis herioti so have quoted Grant's description of Siphia enganensis which is the same species. It is evident that we have here a type differing from all the other Philippine species of the genus. The male may be recognized by the blue throat and breast. Heriot's flycatcher is either very rare, or is confined to northern Luzon where it may prove to be abundant.

399. CYORNIS BANYUMAS (Horsfield).

JAVAN CYORNIS.

Muscicapa banyumas Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. (1822), 13, 146. Siphia banyumas Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1879), 4, 449; Everett, Jour. St. Br. As. Soc. (1889), 20, 132; Meyer and Wiglesworth, Birds of Celebes (1898), 1, 368; pl. 14, fig. 1. Cyornis banyumas Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 216 (Java); McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 71. Cyornis mindorensis Mearns, Phil. Jour. Sci. (1907), 2, sec. A, 356.

Mindoro (Mearns, McGregor); Palawan (Everett). Java.

"Adult male.--General color above uniform blue, the forehead brighter blue, extending backward over the eye; ear-coverts deep blue; a narrow frontal line from the base of the nostrils, lores, feathers round the eye, chin, and fore part of cheeks black; remainder of under surface of body rich orange-rufous, a little paler and inclining to white on the abdomen; sides of upper breast and thighs blue; wing-coverts blue like the back, the least and median series brighter blue, of about the same color as the forehead and eyebrow; quills dusky brown, externally blue, the inner secondaries entirely blue; tail-feathers dark blue, the outer ones black on the inner web; under wing-coverts and axillars orange-rufous, the edge of the wing blue; quills dusky brown below, lighter on the inner web. 'Bill black; legs pale brownish lead-color; iris dark brown.' (Everett.) Length, 142; culmen, 14; wing, 81; tail, 72; tarsus, 16.5.

"Adult female.--Similar to the male but distinguished by the white lores. 'Bill black; legs purplish leaden gray; iris brown.' (Everett.) Wing, 70; tail, 60; tarsus, 16.

"Young.--Robin like. Dusky brown with subterminal spots of orange-buff to all the feathers of the upper surface; wings and tail dusky, externally blue, the secondaries tipped with buff like the coverts; underneath orange-rufous, mottled with dusky margins to the feathers; abdomen whitish." (Sharpe.)

"The existence of this species in Palawan rests upon a single skin collected at Puerto Princesa, which is indistinguishable from the male of S. banyumas as represented by a considerable series in the British Museum." (Everett.)

In the Hand-List Sharpe restricts the distribution of the Javan cyornis to Java, although in the Catalogue of Birds he places in the synonymy of Siphia banyumas, the male collected in Palawan by Everett. Mearns has recently described, under the name of Cyornis mindorensis, two specimens which certainly seem to be distinct from C. philippinensis, but they agree with the description of C. banyumas and with the plate of that species in the Birds of Celebes. Mearns does not compare his species with C. banyumas, and he could not have done so, as there were no authentic specimens of C. banyumas at hand when he wrote his description. Unfortunately such specimens are still lacking. A male from Mariveles, Luzon and a female from Ticao Island differ from ordinary C. philippinensis in having the crissum orange-buff, but the color is not so deep as in the specimens from Mindoro. Cyornis mindorensis may eventually prove to be a distinct species, but for the present I shall consider it to be the same as C. banyumas.

400. CYORNIS PHILIPPINENSIS Sharpe.

PHILIPPINE CYORNIS.

Cyornis philippinensis Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2d. ser. Zool. (1877), 1, 325; Hand-List (1901), 3, 216; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 72. Siphia philippinensis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1879), 4, 450; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 111 (habits).

Ca-man-tí-gon, Siquijor.

Bantayan (McGregor); Banton (Celestino); Basilan (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Bohol (McGregor); Bongao (Everett); Cebu (Meyer, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Dinagat (Everett); Guimaras (Bourns & Worcester); Leyte (Everett); Luzon (Jagor, Möllendorff, Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor); Marinduque (Steere Exp.); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Mindanao (Everett, Goodfellow); Mindoro (Steere Exp., Schmacker, Bourns & Worcester); Negros (Everett, Keay); Panay (Steere); Romblon (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Samar (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Semirara (Worcester); Sibutu (Everett); Sibuyan (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Siquijor (Bourns & Worcester, Celestino); Sulu (Guillemard, Bourns & Worcester); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester); Tawi Tawi (Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor).

Male.--Above dark blue; a narrow band on forehead continued over each eye lighter blue, as also the lesser wing-coverts; primaries and secondaries black, edged with blue; shafts of rectrices black, inner webs of all but middle pair black; lores black; ear-coverts and sides of neck very dark blue; a black band across chin continued backward on each side of throat; throat, breast, and sides rich orange-rufous, slightly paler on throat; crissum and middle of abdomen white; thighs blue, some of the feathers tipped with white. Iris brown; bill black; legs pale bluish; nails dark blackish brown. Length of a male from Luzon, 140; wing, 73; tail, 61; culmen from base, 14; bill from nostril, 10; tarsus, 18.

Female.--Similar to the male, but lores pale buff; chin and sides of throat orange-rufous instead of black. Length of a female from Sibuyan, 157; wing, 78; tail, 64; culmen from base, 16; bill from nostril, 11; tarsus, 19.

"The Philippine cyornis is a common and wide spread species; it is found in deep forest, along wooded streams, and about clumps of bamboo in the open. Iris nearly black; legs, feet, and nails light slaty brown; bill black. Food worms and insects. Breeding in Cebu in July. Twenty males average: Length, 156; wing, 76; tail, 65; culmen, 17; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 19. Ten females, length, 146; wing, 71; tail, 60; culmen, 16; tarsus, 17; middle toe with claw, 18." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

401. CYORNIS LEMPRIERI Sharpe.

LEMPRIERE'S CYORNIS.

Cyornis lemprieri Sharpe, Ibis (1884), 319; Hand-List (1901), 3, 216; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 72. Siphia lemprieri Everett, Jour. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. (1889), 20, 133; Ibis (1895), 25.

Balabac (Everett); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Everett, Lempriere, Platen, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino).

"Adult male.--General color above dull blue, with half concealed tufts of white on the sides of the rump; lesser wing-coverts brighter cobalt, forming a shoulder-patch; median and greater series blackish, externally like the back; alula, primary-coverts, and quills black, with narrow margins of dull blue, broader on the secondaries; tail-feathers blackish, greenish blue externally; head like the back, the base of the forehead brighter cobalt, extending backward over the eye and forming an eyebrow; lores black; sides of face and ear-coverts and cheeks black, glossed with dull blue; a moustachial line of blue feathers tipped with white; a black chin spot; throat and fore neck orange-buff, extending down the sides of the body, but paler and inclining to whitish below the black chin-spot; center of breast and abdomen white, as also the under tail-coverts, with a slight tinge of buff; lateral breast-feathers tipped with blue, like the back; thighs white, with blackish bases; axillars and under wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with buff; edge of wing blue. Length, 150; culmen, 18; wing, 74; tail, 63; tarsus, 18.

"This species is closely allied to Siphia philippinensis, but is much larger, of a more greenish blue, and is especially distinguished by the white moustache, forming a narrow line down each side of the throat." (Sharpe.)

"Female.--Forehead, crown, and occiput dark plumbeous-gray, washed with olive, each feather with narrow obsolete transverse bars, which are most pronounced on the forehead; sides of neck, mantle, scapulars, and back warm olivaceous-brown, deepening posteriorly into bright ferruginous-brown on the upper tail-coverts; rectrices dark sepia-brown, the exterior webs ferruginous-brown, except on the two central quills, which are wholly ferruginous-brown, and all showing in certain lights close obsolete transverse bars; under surface of the quills hair-brown; primaries dark brown, and all except the first and second margined basally on the outer webs by a thin line of ferruginous-brown; the secondaries and tertials also dark brown, but increasingly margined bright ferruginous-brown until the entire outer webs are of the latter color; under wing-coverts, axillars, and edges of wing white, tinged with buff; major wing-coverts dark brown, with bright ferruginous-brown outer webs; the other coverts broadly tipped with bright ferruginous-brown; a conspicuous line from the nares over the eye and reaching nearly to the posterior angle of the orbit, and a line fringing the lower margin of the orbit, pure white (tinged with buff in some examples); lores black; ear-coverts dark gray, washed with olive; cheeks the same, but rather darker gray; sides and flanks olive-gray, washed with buff; chin white; throat pale buff, passing into deep orange-buff on the breast, on the sides of which some of the plumes show obsolete dusky margins; abdomen and lower tail-coverts white; thigh-plumes dark gray, edged with white. Length, 147; culmen, 17; wing, 73; tail, 60; tarsus, 17.

"In another female from Balabac the dimensions are rather less, but in my original Puerto Princesa specimen they agree very closely. This species is marked by its large bill. The culmen in the type-skin of the male, measured from its insertion in the skull, is 17 mm., and it is the same in a female collected by Mr. Whitehead at Taguso in Palawan." (Everett.)

"Abundant in Palawan and the Calamianes islands. Habits like those of S. philippinensis. Five males average: Length, 149; wing, 75; tail, 64; culmen, 18; tarsus, 17; middle toe with claw, 18. Three females, length, 149; wing, 70; tail, 58; culmen, 17; tarsus, 16; middle toe with claw, 17. Iris dark brown; legs and feet nearly black often tinged with bluish; bill black." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)