Part 165

f1. First primary slender, acute, and shorter than primary-coverts.

g1. Powder-down patches present on the sides, thighs, and back. ... Artamidæ (p. 589) g2. Powder-down patches wanting.

h1. Bill short and stout; tips of rectrices pointed. ... Ploceidæ (p. 687) h2. Bill moderately long and slender; tips of rectrices square or rounded. ... Sturnidæ (p. 709)

f2. First primary longer than primary-coverts, its tip rounded.

g1. Nostrils not concealed by plumes nor bristles; rictal bristles not conspicuously developed.

h1. Wing rounded, the primaries not greatly exceeding the secondaries in length. ... Timeliidæ (p. 517) h2. Wing pointed, the primaries considerably longer than the secondaries. ... Oriolidæ (p. 693)

g2. Nostrils concealed by antrorse feathers, or by both feathers and long bristles.

h1. Smaller; wing, less than 200 mm.; frontal feathers shorter, never extending far in front of the nostrils; nasal bristles often extending beyond the frontal feathers.

i1. Under tail-coverts shorter, not extending beyond the toes in skins.

j1. Hind toe longer than longest lateral toe, its claw large; outer toe much longer than inner toe; bill slender; culmen nearly straight. ... Sittidæ (p. 609) j2. Hind toe equal to, or shorter than, longest lateral toe, its claw not conspicuously larger than the claws of anterior toes; outer toe slightly longer than inner toe; culmen more or less curved, usually with a notch near the tip of mandible; or else the bill short, stout, and conoid.

k1. Bill much flattened, wide at the base, and with long rictal and nasal bristles; or else bill slender; legs and feet usually weak; wing, not over 95 mm., usually much less. ... Muscicapidæ (p. 430) k2. Bill strong and compressed, or else short and conoid with no notch near the tip; legs and feet stout.

l1. Tail short and square, reaching little if at all beyond the toes; bill short, stout, and conoid; wing, 80 mm. or less. ... Paridæ (p. 604) l2. Tail moderately to very long; bill large and compressed, culmen strongly curved; wing, 85 mm. or more.

m1. Rectrices long, narrow, and graduated; plumage never glossy nor entirely black; upper mandible with a strong notch near the tip. ... Laniidæ (p. 591) m2. Rectrices long and broad, the outermost curved outward; tail slightly to deeply forked; feathers on sides of neck more or less lengthened and pointed; plumage glossy black (abdomen white in one species). ... Dicruridæ (p. 702)

i2. Under tail-coverts longer, extending beyond the toes in skins; bill stout, as wide as deep at nostril; culmen strongly arched; rictal and nasal bristles inconspicuous. ... Campophagidæ (p. 478)

h2. Larger; wing, more than 200 mm.; plumes covering the nostrils numerous and long, extending well beyond the nostrils; no nasal bristles; plumage entirely black. ... Corvidæ (p. 721)

Family HIRUNDINIDÆ.

Bill weak, short, flat, and broad, the edges smooth; a small notch near end of upper mandible; culmen nearly straight, except at tip; nostrils exposed; rictal bristles small and weak; wings long and narrow; primaries nine, the first slightly longer than the second; secondaries very short; tail more or less forked; tarsus and toes slender, moderate in size, usually unfeathered.

Genera.

a1. Toes and tarsus thickly covered with short feathers. ... Chelidonaria (p. 424) a2. Toes, and usually the tarsus, entirely devoid of feathers.

b1. Upper parts dull earthy brown with no gloss; tail but slightly forked. ... Riparia (p. 425) b2. Upper parts glossed with green or steel-blue; tail deeply forked, and sometimes very long. ... Hirundo (p. 426)

Genus CHELIDONARIA Reichenow, 1889.

Plumage of upper parts black, glossed with blue, bases of the feathers white; a white band across rump; tail nearly square; tarsi and toes thickly clothed with short feathers.

387. CHELIDONARIA DASYPUS (Bonaparte).

SIBERIAN SWALLOW.

Chelidon dasypus Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Avium (1850), 1, 343; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1885), 10, 91. Chelidonaria dasypus Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 188; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 230; McGregor, Bull. Philippine Mus. (1904), 4, 33; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 69.

Calayan (McGregor). Japan; Borneo in winter.

"Adult male (type of species).--General color above dull purplish blue, with white bases to the feathers; wing-coverts and quills blackish with a slight blue gloss; rump and upper tail-coverts pure white, with narrow dusky shaft-lines; the long upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers blackish with a faint blue gloss; tail very slightly forked; head like the back; lores and feathers below the eye black; ear-coverts dull purplish blue, as also the sides of neck and sides of upper breast, the latter slightly mottled with white bases; fore part of cheeks and under surface of body creamy buff, washed with smoky brown on the breast and flanks, with a little purer white on the fore neck and abdomen; under tail-coverts smoky brown, broadly edged with whitish, the long coverts blacker with broad whitish edging; axillars and under wing-coverts dark brown, the small coverts near edge of wing edged with pale smoky brown; quills dull ashy brown below. Length, 117; wing, 104; tail, 26; culmen, 7; tarsus, 12." (Sharpe.)

Female.--Above blackish brown, slightly glossed with steel-blue, and the feathers with white bases which show through on the neck and back; a white band across rump, some of its feathers with smoky brown shafts and tips; wings and tail blackish brown; lores, subocular line, and ear-coverts smoky brown; under parts white; chin and breast washed with light smoky brown; under tail-coverts smoky brown with darker shafts and white tips. Length, 117; wing, 104; tail, 46; culmen from base, 7; tarsus, 7.