Part 155

"The younger female has some indistinct spots of pale brown upon the inner webs of the four central rectrices. 'Iris brown; bill slate-black; tarsus olive-green.' (Guillemard.)" (Hargitt.)

"Very abundant about dead trees in open fields both in Sulu and Tawi Tawi. Seven males from Sulu average, 136 in length; wing, 84; tail, 34; culmen, 20; tarsus, 15; middle toe with claw, 17. Three females from same place, length, 142; wing, 81; tail, 37; culmen, 17; tarsus, 15; middle toe with claw, 17. Iris dark brown to brownish red; legs and feet olive-brown, nails nearly black; bill black at tip, ashy gray at base." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Genus TIGA Kaup, 1836.

Three toes, two in front, one behind; bill much smaller and weaker than in Chrysocolaptes; culmen curved; nostrils situated near the culmen, nasal ridge weak; occipital crest full.

362. TIGA EVERETTI Tweeddale.

EVERETT'S THREE-TOED WOODPECKER.

Tiga everetti Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1878), 612, pl. 37; Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1890), 18, 418; Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 225; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 65.

Balabac (Everett); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Palawan (Steere, Everett, Lempriere, Platen, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, White).

Male.--Forehead, crown, occipital crest, back, and rump scarlet; feathers of crown with black bases; mantle, wing-coverts, and secondaries golden yellow; a few of the mantle-feathers slightly washed with scarlet; primaries, tail, and tail-coverts blackish brown; inner webs of quills with large white spots; a wide black band from eye to ear-coverts, above this and behind eye a pale buff line bordered above with black; a pale buff line from corner of mouth passing below eye and ear-coverts to side of neck, below this a black line extending from base of lower mandible to side of neck and washed with crimson on the jaws; lower parts pale creamy buff, spotted and barred with blackish brown; a large patch on fore breast olivaceous brown, feathers just below this with large blackish brown centers. Length of a male from Palawan, 275; wing, 136; tail, not fully grown, 92; culmen from base, 31; tarsus, 23.

Female.--Differs from the male in wanting the red on jaw, forehead, and crown, these parts being black; crest-feathers black with some red near their tips. Length of a female from Palawan, 255; wing, 137; tail, 95; culmen from base, 30; tarsus, 23.

An immature female has no red on the crest.

"Common in Palawan and the Calamianes Islands. Food, ants and their larvæ. Observed in trees in the open fields in Culion. Found only in the forest in Palawan.

"Ten males average, 260 in length; wing, 150; tail, 84; culmen, 29; tarsus, 23; middle toe with claw, 27. Five females, length, 261; wing, 134; tail, 84; culmen, 28; tarsus, 21; middle toe with claw, 28. Iris chocolate-brown; legs and feet dirty green; bill black, except base of lower mandible, which is gray." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Genus CHRYSOCOLAPTES Blyth, 1843.

Culmen nearly straight; nasal ridge strongly marked; nostrils exposed; feathers of throat and breast with large nearly circular light spots bordered with black or blackish brown; upper parts red or yellow; inner webs of quills with large white spots; of medium size, length 250 to 280 mm.; bare space around eye larger than in Tiga and the crest laterally compressed instead of being spread out.

Species.

a1. Mantle and back golden yellow. ... erythrocephalus (p. 399) a2. Mantle and back largely crimson.

b1. Sides of head and entire lower parts strongly washed with yellow. ... xanthocephalus (p. 402) b2. Sides of head and lower parts not washed with yellow.

c1. Wings and mantle crimson without any mixture of yellow.

d1. Chin and jaw not washed with crimson; light spots on throat and fore breast nearly round ... hæmatribon (p. 400) d2. Chin and jaw washed with crimson; light spots on throat and fore breast pear-shaped ... rufopunctatus (p. 402)

c2. Wings and mantle more or less orange or yellow.

d1. Wings and mantle crimson mixed with golden yellow ... lucidus (p. 401) d2. Mantle and wing-coverts orange with scarcely a tinge of crimson. ... montanus (p. 401)

363. CHRYSOCOLAPTES ERYTHROCEPHALUS Sharpe.

RED-FACED GOLDEN FLICKER.

Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (1877), 1, 315, pl. 46, fig. 1; Hand-List (1900), 2, 228; Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1890), 18, 452; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 65.

Balabac (Everett); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Palawan (Steere, Everett, Lempriere, Platen, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, White).

Male.--Entire head, sides of head, and upper throat crimson, the throat very pale, almost rose-color, and with three narrow black lines, one in the middle and one on each side; ear-coverts black; mantle and wings golden yellow; back and rump scarlet; tail black; feathers of under parts white with a slight buff wash and black edges, producing the spotted appearance usual in this genus; tail blackish brown. Length, about 280; wing, 153; tail, 98; culmen from base, 43; tarsus, 27.

Female.--Differs from the male in having forehead, crown, and crest olive greenish tinged with red, each feather with a light yellow spot near its tip. Wing, 147; tail, 97; culmen from base, 42; tarsus, 27.