Part 144

"Immature.--Above brown, darker on the head; the crown and neck thickly mottled with broad fulvous ends to the feathers; feathers on the back and wings broadly tipped with rufous or buff; tail very similar to that of the adult, but with the pale portion more rufous; beneath buff, barred with black, and mottled with gray on the throat in older specimens." (Shelley.)

334. CUCULUS CANORUS Linnæus.

EUROPEAN CUCKOO.

Cuculus canorus Linnæus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 110; Shelley, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1891), 19, 245; Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1895), 3, 205, fig. 60 (head); Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 158; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 105; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 61.

Basilan (McGregor); Batan (McGregor); Calayan (McGregor); Palawan (Platen); Siquijor (Bourns & Worcester). Europe and northern Asia; in winter to Africa, Indian Peninsula, Malayan subregion to Australia.

"Adult male.--General color above leaden gray, slightly shaded with olive on the mantle and wings; quills dark brown, more or less notched with white on the inner webs; lateral upper tail-coverts narrowly edged and partially barred with white; tail slaty black, with white ends to all the feathers and with about seven double white spots along their shafts and white notches on their inner webs never forming bars across the feathers; sides of the head and neck, chin, and throat gray, slightly paler than the crown; remainder of the under parts white, shaded with buff on the abdomen and under tail-coverts, and very regularly barred with dusky black; axillars and under wing-coverts barred like the breast, with a portion near the bend of the wing and most of the greater series leaden gray; quills beneath dusky brown, with white bars on their inner webs, broadest and most strongly marked toward the base of the feathers. Bill black, yellowish at the base and edges; iris and legs yellow. Length, 356; culmen, 229; wing, 226; tail, 178; tarsus, 20.

"Adult female.--Differs only in plumage from the male in having the base of the throat shaded with rufous. Length, 320; culmen, 22; wing, 211; tail, 173; tarsus, 19.

"Nestling.--General plumage above dark brown, partially barred with rufous, with a narrow white terminal margin to each of the feathers, broadest on the wings and tail; crown and nape much mottled with white; sides of the head, chin, and throat blackish brown and white in broad bars of nearly even breadth; remainder of the under surface of the body white, with blackish brown bars not half the width of the intervening white spaces. Length, 170; wing, 127.

"Young nearly full-grown.--Above gray, passing into brownish black on the head, wings, and tail; crown and nape mottled with white feathers; feathers of the head, neck, wings, and tail strongly barred with rufous; remainder of the back much less distinctly barred, each feather being tipped with white next to a subterminal dark bar; tail with waved rufous bars passing into white near the shafts of the feathers and with white ends; general color of the under parts buffish white, with blackish brown bars, slightly broader on the chin and throat than on the breast. Length, 297; wing, 184.

"Hepatic phase.--General color of the upper parts cinnamon, barred on the head, mantle, and wings with dusky black; lower back and upper tail-coverts with a few black spots next to their shafts; outer tail-coverts with partial traces of dark bars; tail partially barred with black and marked with white near the shafts, the tips, and some of the edges of the feathers, and with a broad subterminal black band; under parts buffish white, rather darker on the throat, and all the feathers barred with dusky black. Length, 297; culmen, 22; wing, 216; tail, 170; tarsus, 19." (Shelley.)

"We secured a single specimen in Siquijor in February, 1891; a second specimen was seen but not secured. The specimen in question, a male, measures, 311 in length; wing, 201; tail, 161; culmen, 27; tarsus, 22; middle toe with claw, 26. Iris brownish yellow, with inner ring of dull brown; feet bright yellow; nails yellowish, except that of middle toe, which is black; upper mandible black, lower light yellowish." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

335. CUCULUS SATURATUS Hodgson.

HIMALAYAN CUCKOO.

Cuculus saturatus Hodgson, Jour. As. Soc. Bengal (1843), 12, 942; Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 158; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 114; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 61. Cuculus intermedius Shelley, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1891), 19, 252. Cuculus canoroides Blasius, Ornis (1888), 6 (of reprint); Jour. für Ornith. (1890), 145.

Mindanao (Platen); Palawan (Platen). Eastern Siberia, Indian Peninsula, Andaman Islands, Malay Archipelago, Burmese provinces, northeastern Australia, Japan, China, New Guinea, New Britain.

"Adult male.--Very similar to C. canorus, but smaller, with the bill shorter and stouter. The plumage differs in the upper parts being of a deeper and more blue-gray, the breast and under tail-coverts more washed with buff, and the bars on the body black, broader and more sharply defined than in C. canorus. 'Bill above blackish, below greenish; gape and mouth inside deep orange; eyelids bright yellow; iris stone-color; legs dull yellow; claws pale.' (Cripps.) Length, 325; culmen, 23; wing, 188; tail, 160; tarsus, 18.

"Adult female.--Differs only in plumage from the male in having the base of the throat shaded with buffish rufous, as is the case in C. canorus. Length, 292; culmen, 18; wing, 188; tail, 152; tarsus, 18.

"Nestling.--General plumage above blackish brown, with narrow terminal white margins to the feathers, which margins are broadest on the wings and tail; the white nuchal patch so characteristic of C. canorus is indicated by three white feathers; a few rufous partial bars on the wings and tail; chin and throat blackish brown, the feathers of the latter with very narrow whitish terminal edges; remainder of the under surface of the body blackish brown and white in broad bars of even width. Length, 127; wing, 94.

"Young nearly full-grown.--Differs from C. canorus at this stage in being much blacker, in generally having no white feathers on the nape, and in the greater breadth of the black bars on the throat and breast, which are seldom narrower than the white space between them.

"Rufous phase.--Compared with the rufous phase of C. canorus, it is darker, the dark bars being broader and blacker; lower back and upper tail-coverts barred with black like the crown; tail with very distinct black bars forming angles at the shafts of the feathers; under surface of the body similarly colored, but much more broadly barred with black than in C. canorus. Length, 282; culmen, 22; wing, 178; tail, 155; tarsus, 18." (Shelley.)

Genus PENTHOCERYX Cabanis, 1862.

"This genus resembles Cacomantis in structure and size, the only structural distinctions being that the bill is much stouter and broader up to the tip, which is blunt when seen from above, and that the tail-feathers become narrower behind instead of remaining of the same breadth. The wing is shaped as in Cacomantis, the primaries only exceeding the secondaries by one-third the length." (Blanford.)

336. PENTHOCERYX SONNERATI (Latham).

BANDED BAY CUCKOO.

Cuculus sonnerati Latham, Ind. Orn. (1790), 1, 215; Shelley, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1891), 19, 262. Penthoceryx sonnerati Blanford, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1895), 3, 219, fig. 63 (head); Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 159; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 115, pl. 2, fig. 2; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 61.

Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Whitehead, Bourns & Worcester); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester). Malay and Indian Peninsulas, Burmese provinces, Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Timor.

"Adult.--Above alternately barred with rufous and dusky bronze, with a slight olive gloss; forehead more or less spotted with white; a white patch on the carpal joint faintly barred with dusky; tail with rufous-shaded white ends; center feathers blackish, with a number of rufous notches on both webs; remaining feathers bright rufous, with a broad subterminal dark bar and a variable number of other bands; sides of the head and under parts white, evenly marked with narrow wavy bars of blackish brown, the lower breast and under tail-coverts slightly tinted with rufous; under wing-coverts pale rufous-buff, barred like the breast; under surface of the quills dark brown, with a large basal portion of their inner webs rufous-buff, more or less barred with dark brown. Bill black, with base of lower mandible gray; legs greenish gray. Length, 234; culmen, 19; wing, 122; tail, 122; tarsus, 18.

"Immature.--Above rufous; the upper back, scapulars, and wing-coverts barred with olive-shaded black; a band of this color runs down the centers of some of the tail-feathers, and most of these feathers have bold black spots near their ends and occasionally white tips; sides of the head and sides of the neck rufous like the crown; remainder of the under parts white, with the blackish bars on the throat and chest broader than in the adult." (Shelley.)