Part 14

a2. First primary not so abruptly attenuated; slightly narrowed at tip. ... Spilotreron (p. 41)

Genus LEUCOTRERON Bonaparte, 1854.

First primary with both webs greatly reduced in width near the tip; tail square; tarsus feathered for more than half its length. Forest inhabiting pigeons of medium size.

Species.

a1. Larger, length, 330 mm. or more; under tail-coverts green or gray, broadly edged with buff.

b1. Secondaries uniform green. ... occipitalis (p. 37) b2. Secondaries with a conspicuous red patch. ... marchei (p. 38)

a2. Smaller, length, 300 mm. or less; under tail-coverts uniform, dark cinnamon. ... leclancheri (p. 39)

26. LEUCOTRERON OCCIPITALIS (Bonaparte).

YELLOW-BREASTED FRUIT PIGEON.

Ramphiculus occipitalis Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Avium (1854), 2, 17. Xenotreron incognita Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1877), 832. Ptilopus occipitalis Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 72. Leucotreron occipitalis Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 55; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1907), 10.

Basilan (Everett, Steere Exp., McGregor); Cebu (Everett, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Leyte (Steere Exp.); Luzon (Meyer, Steere Exp., Whitehead, McGregor); Mindanao (Everett, Steere Exp., Goodfellow); Mindoro (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Negros (Whitehead); Samar (Bourns & Worcester); Sibuyan (McGregor).

Adult (sexes alike).--Forehead pale gray with a yellow wash, blending into light slate-gray mixed with green on center of crown; on back of head a wide band of dark purple or deep cherry-red, extending over ear-coverts and sides of face below the eyes; remainder of upper parts, including wings and tail, nearly uniform, rich green; rectrices and quills partly blue when held toward the light; whole upper parts slightly bronze away from the light; feathers of chin and upper throat white with a yellow wash on tips; lower throat and sides of neck and breast light gray; breast covered by a large oval patch of old-gold-yellow, just behind this a broad band of deep purple; middle of abdomen pearl-gray and white; sides and flanks green; under tail-coverts light buff, the inner webs largely green; rectrices gray below with light gray tips, above very narrowly edged with light ocherous; some of the primaries and secondaries narrowly edged with buff; tips of the green tarsal feathers reaching toes. A male from Sibuyan measures: Length, 340; wing, 160; tail, 115; culmen from base, 18; middle toe with claw, 35. A male from Basilan: Wing, 148; tail, 115; culmen from base, 18; middle toe with claw, 33. A female from Mindoro: Length, 320; wing, 153; tail, 113; culmen from base, 19; middle toe with claw, 34.

Young.--The immature bird differs from the adult in having top of head, neck, and sides of face uniform green (or with a few purple feathers) and the yellow and purple areas of breast indicated by a few scattered feathers of these colors. The first primary is attenuated but not so abruptly cut on inner web as it is in the adult. In a young female from Sibuyan the bill was dull red at base; tip brown; feet pink; nails black.

27. LEUCOTRERON MARCHEI (Oustalet).

MARCHE'S FRUIT PIGEON.

Ptilopus (Rhamphiculus) marchei Oustalet, Le Naturaliste (1880), 324. Ptilopus marchei Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 75; Grant, Ibis (1895), 1, 468; Whitehead, Ibis (1899), 486. Leucotreron marchii Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 55. Leucotreron marchei McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 10.

Luzon (Marche, Whitehead, Worcester).

"Adult male.--Entire top of head dull crimson-red, the same color being continued down the sides of the cheeks, on either side of the throat; feathers surrounding the eye light red; hind cheek and ear-coverts dusky black; back and sides of the neck and upper part of the breast pearl-gray, forming a collar which completely separates the dull crimson crown from the dusky black mantle and back; wings like the back, but with green reflections; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bronze-brown with green reflections; primary quills black, finely edged with pale yellow; the two outer secondaries are similarly margined, the remainder edged with crimson along the middle of the outer web, the crimson barbs being loose and free and forming a large patch on the wing; tail bronze-brown, broadly edged with brownish gray, beneath dark gray tipped with whitish; chin and middle of throat brownish buff; in the center of the gray breast a large patch of bright orange-vermilion washed with lake, shading into deep red-lake below; this is followed by a patch of creamy white; rest of under parts dull pearly gray, most of the feathers finely edged with creamy yellow; under tail-coverts buff, with brownish gray centers. 'Eye: inner ring yellow, outer lake-red; bill at base brick-red, tipped with yellow; feet deep coral-red.' (Whitehead.) Length, 400; wing, 180; tail, 129; tarsus, 32.

"Adult female.--Similar to the male, but crown of a less crimson tinge; lower part of the back, rump, and tail bronze-green, distinctly greener than in the male; upper part of the breast-patch orange-red without the crimson wash. Length, 373; wing, 173; tail, 114; tarsus, 29.

"Young male.--The whole of the upper parts is brownish bronze shot with green; the dull crimson of the top of the head and the free crimson webs of the secondaries are just beginning to make their appearance; the whole of the feathers of the chest and upper breast are gray, widely tipped with bronze-green, the only patches of pure gray feathers being visible on each side of the neck. The orange-red breast-patch is represented by a deep orange feather in the middle of the chest and some dark carmine feathers. Otherwise the rest of the plumage is much like that of the adult." (Grant.)

Marche's fruit pigeon was described in 1880 from a single specimen which remained unique for fifteen years when Whitehead rediscovered the species in Lepanto. So far as we at present know, this species is confined to this subprovince and the neighboring subprovince of Bontoc. The Igorots say that at certain seasons of the year these birds become very fat and heavy and that they are then taken by pursuing them until they are exhausted. This account is probably correct as the specimens seen in the possession of the Igorots are not injured, while birds taken in snares or with bird-lime are seldom fit for specimens. This species may be recognized at once by the large red patch on the secondaries. In 1903 a pigeon, probably of this species, was killed in Bontoc by the Hon. Dean C. Worcester but the skin was lost.

28. LEUCOTRERON LECLANCHERI (Bonaparte).

BLACK-CHINNED FRUIT PIGEON.

Treroloema leclancheri Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. (1855), 41, 247. Leucotreron gironieri Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. (1875), 9, 213, pl. 34, fig. 1. Ptilopus leclancheri Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 79. Leucotreron leclancheri Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 56; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 10.

Ca-pil'-la, Manila.

Bantayan (McGregor); Batan (McGregor); Bohol (McGregor); Cagayancillo (McGregor); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Calayan (McGregor); Camiguin N. (McGregor); Catanduanes (Whitehead); Cebu (Burger); Guimaras (Meyer); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon (Meyer, Steere Exp., Whitehead, McGregor); Mindoro (McGregor, Porter); Negros (Everett, Steere Exp.); Palawan (Everett, Platen, White); Panay (Meyer); Romblon (McGregor); Samar (Whitehead); Semirara (Worcester); Sibuyan (McGregor); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester).

Adult male.--Chin black; head, neck, throat, and breast pearl-gray, washed with dull green on occiput and hind neck, washed with ocherous yellow on throat and crop; remainder of upper parts green, brightest on wings and tail, the latter tipped with dull yellowish brown; primaries edged with white near their tips; some of the secondaries edged with ocherous-yellow; behind the gray of breast a dark chestnut band, blackish on its anterior border; middle of abdomen white, washed with cinnamon or in some specimens with yellowish buff; under tail-coverts cinnamon; rectrices below, brown with gray tips; remainder of under parts dull green. Iris bright red; bill bright yellow; base of lower mandible, and feet dark crimson; nails dark brown. Length, 280 to 305; measurements of three specimens give: Wing, 144 to 145; tail, 104 to 105; culmen from base, 19 to 20; tarsus, 18 to 20.

Adult female.--Forehead blue-gray; chin black; throat and breast green; dark chestnut pectoral-band, and other parts, as in the male. A female from Sibuyan has the wing, 145, and tail, 104; a female from Calayan is larger; wing, 157; tail, 114.