Part 128

Casque small, compressed, ridged on top, its outline curved, posteriorly falling away gently to the culmen; abruptly or obliquely truncate in front; basilateral portion of both mandibles with deep oblique chiseling; part of chin naked but feathered in the middle.

Species.

a1. Abdomen rufous; thighs chestnut. ... panini, (p. 332) a2. Abdomen and thighs neither chestnut nor rufous.

b1. Breast and abdomen white.

c1. Base of both mandibles with deep grooves; tail black with a wide band of white or rufous across the middle. ... manillæ, (p. 333) c2. Base of upper or lower mandible, but never both, with deep grooves.

d1. Base of upper mandible only with grooves; no black band at base of tail; sexes alike in plumage. ... mindorensis (p. 335) d2. Base of lower mandible only with grooves; tail with some black at the base.

e1. Upper tail-coverts black.

f1. A black patch on basal half of upper mandible. ... affinis, (p. 336) f2. No black patch at base of upper mandible which is flesh-colored. ... basilanica, (p. 337)

e2. Upper tail-coverts white, tinged with buff. ... samarensis, (p. 337)

b2. Breast and abdomen black.

c1. Tail black with a rufous band about 25 mm. wide across the middle; base of each mandible with deep grooves. ... manillæ, [female] (p. 333); talisi, [female] (p. 334) c2. Tail rufous, widely tipped with black and with more or less black at base.

d1. Base of each mandible grooved; black at base of tail almost obsolete. ... panini, [female] (p. 332) d2. Base of lower mandible only grooved; black at base of tail well-marked. ... affinis, [female] (p. 336); basilanica, [female] (p. 337); samarensis, [female] (p. 337)

294. PENELOPIDES PANINI (Boddaert).

PANAY TARICTIC.

Buceros panini Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl. (1783), 48. Penelopides panini Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. (1875), 9, 166, pl. 28; Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1892), 17, 372; Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 65; McGregor, Bur. Govt. Labs. (1905), 25, 25, pl. 9 (nest); McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 56.

Ta-ric'-tic, Ticao; ta-ric', Masbate.

Guimaras (Meyer, Steere Exp.); Masbate (Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Negros (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead); Panay (Sonnerat, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester); Ticao (McGregor).

Male.--Head, neck, and breast pale buff; cheeks, ear-coverts, and a band across neck black; back and wings black, glossed with dark green; abdomen rufous; crissum, thighs, and upper tail-coverts chestnut; tail light rufous, terminal third black, slightly glossed with green. Iris red; bare skin of face white; legs dark brown; bill and casque dull red, base of upper mandible with six or seven vertical ridges, separated by pale yellow grooves; base of lower mandible with several oblique grooves. Length, 650; wing, 290; tail, 275; bill from nostril, 97; tarsus, 48.

Female.--Black; neck, wings, and back glossed with dark green; tail as in the male but outer web of outermost feather entirely black and inner web black at base; next feather with outer web black at base. Iris red; bare skin of head bluish; legs and nails black; bill black, casque dark red; grooves on upper mandible light yellow. Length, 600; wing, 260; tail, 245; bill from nostril, 78.

"Young female (without casque and only one ridge developed on the base of the upper mandible).--Differs from the adult in having the upper tail-coverts chestnut and the middle of the basal part of the tail-feathers with more black. 'Naked skin round eye and on throat white, faintly tinged with bluish; iris dull chestnut-brown; feet dark lead-gray with faint greenish cast, nails black; bill brown, with olive-green tinge.' (Everett.)" (Grant.)

"Very common in many parts of Panay, Guimaras, Negros, and Masbate, but curiously enough absent in Cebu. A very noisy bird, called 'ta-ric-tic' by the natives from its note. Food fruit and occasional beetles. Iris brownish red; legs and feet slate-color; nails black; bare skin of head white.

"Four males from Masbate measure, 652 in length; wing, 260; tail, 228; tarsus, 45; middle toe with claw, 52. Four females from same locality, length, 607; wing, 252; tail, 216; tarsus, 44; middle toe with claw, 47." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

A set of three eggs of the Panay tarictic taken in Ticao, May 9, 1902, measure: 48.5 by 32.5; 46.7 by 33.7; 45.7 by 33. In color they are dull white with no markings except a few nest stains; their surface is chalky with occasional minute lumps. The eggs were deposited in a cavity in the trunk of a large tree. The entrance was plastered up by the birds, leaving but a narrow slit through which the female was fed by her mate. The female remains within the cavity during the whole period of incubation. As she molts at this time she is probably unable to fly even if liberated.

295. PENELOPIDES MANILLÆ (Boddaert).

LUZON TARICTIC.

Buceros manillæ Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl. (1783), 54. Penelopides manillæ Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1892), 17, 373; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 56. Penelopides manillæ Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 65.

Ta-lic-tic, native name in vicinity of Manila.

Luzon (Cuming, Meyer, Everett, Heriot, Marche, Steere Exp., Whitehead, McGregor); Marinduque (Steere Exp.).