Part 151

GROUND-COL´OR (in oölogy), n. The color of the general surface of the egg-shell, as distinguished from its markings.

GRYPAN´IUM, a. Noting a particular form of bill, in which the culmen is nearly straight, but bent down at the tip.

GU´LA, n. Upper foreneck, adjoining chin; upper throat. (52.)

GU´LAR, a. Pertaining to the upper foreneck.

GUT´TATE, n. Having drop-shaped spots.

GUT´TIFORM, a. Drop-shaped.

GUT´TUR, n. The whole foreneck. (51.) (But guttural is rarely used in this connection.)

GYMNOPÆ´DIC, n. Synonymous with psilopædic.

GYMNORHI´NAL, a. Having unfeathered nostrils.

HAB´ITAT, n. Locality or region frequented by a species; its geographical distribution.

HAB´ITUS, n. Habitude; mode of life.

HACK´LE, n. Long cervical feather of the domestic cock.

HÆ´MAL ARCH, n. The lower ring of a (ideally or actually) complete vertebra, enclosing a section of the principal vascular and visceral systems, as the neural arch does a section of the principal nervous system. In birds the hæmal arch is complete only in the thoracic region.

HÆ´MAL SPINE, n. An ideal transverse section of the sternum corresponding to any one pair of ribs, completing the hæmal arch inferiorly.

HÆMAPOPH´YSIS, n. Segment, actual or potential, of the hæmal arch between the pleurapophysis and hæmal spine. In birds it actually exists in the thoracic region, as the sternal rib, movably articulated with the sternum and the vertebral rib, which latter is the pleurapophysis.

HÆMATIT´IC, a. Of a bloody-red color.

HÆMATOTHER´MA, n. Warm-blooded animals collectively; the antithesis is hæmatocrya.

HAL´LUCAL, a. Pertaining to the hallux.

HAL´LUX, n. The hind toe. The name is retained, even when the hind toe is brought round to the front. When the toes are in pairs, it is the inner of the two hind ones, excepting in Trogonidæ. In the genus Picoides the actual single hind toe is not the hallux, but the fourth toe reversed, there being no hallux. This toe may always be recognized by presence of not more than two joints. It is the one usually wanting in three-toed birds, and is frequently rudimentary or functionless, even when present. Its large size, with largest claw, and specialization of its flexor muscle, marks the passerine or highest group of birds. (129.) (Sometimes written hallex or allex.)

HALO´NES, n. pl. Certain appearances of the yolk, probably due to the margins of its successive layers.

HAM´ULATE, a. Hooked.

HAM´ULUS, n.; pl. hamuli. Hooked fringe of a barbule; hooked barbicel.

HAND-QUILLS, n. Primary remiges. (75.)

HAS´TATE, a. Spear-head shaped.

HEAD, n. (9, 29.)

HEEL, n. (107.) See CALCANEUS and TALUS. Upper back part of tarso-metatarsus (tarsus or shank), rarely resting on the ground in birds when standing erect. (Commonly, but most improperly, called knee.)

HEEL-JOINT, n. (103.) See SUFFRAGO. The tibio-tarsal articulation, as it is called; that between the leg (crus), and the tarso-metatarsus (shank). With few exceptions among certain Raptores, it always bends backward; the knee always has its convexity forward.

HEEL-PAD, n. (115.) Pterna; tuber (which see). The posterior portion of pelma, immediately under the foot-joint, and frequently prominent. (But heel-pad should not be used in this connection, since the heel (calcaneus) is at the top of the tarsus, and not at the bottom where the heel-pad lies.) (115.)