Appendix C.

The references to the particular events and circumstances relating to the defensive wars mentioned in the Koran, quoted and referred by me in this work, may be classified as follows:--

I.--The Persecutions of the Koreish at Mecca (B.H. 10-1).

Sura xvi, 43, 44, 111. Sura ii, 210, 214, 215. Sura iii, 194. Sura iv, 97, 99, 100. Sura xxii, 57. Sura lx, 8, 9. Sura xlvii, 14. Sura xlviii, 25. Sura ix, 40, 48, 95.

II.--The Aggressions of the Koreish at Medina, as well as those of the Inhabitants thereof (A.H. 10).

Sura ii, 214; Sura viii, 72; Sura ix, 13, 48, 72.

III. The Wars of Defence against the Koreish and the Arabs, &c., with several References to their Aggressions (A.H. 1-8).

Sura xxii, 39-42. Sura ii, 186-189, 214, 215, 245, 247, 252. Sura iv, 76-78, 86, 91, 93. Sura viii, 19, 39-41, 58-66, 73, 74. Sura ix, 10, 13.

IV.--The Various Battles, &c.

(1) The Battle of Badr (A.H. 2). Sura iii, 11, 119; Sura viii, 5-19, 39-52, 66-72; Sura xlvii, 4, 15.

(2) The Battle of Ohad (A.H. 3). Sura iii, 117-122; 134-154; 159-162.

(3) The Second Battle of Badr (A.H. 4), and The Expulsion of the Bani Nazeer (A.H. 4). Sura iii, 167; and Sura lix, 2-14.

(4) The Battle of Ahzab (A.H. 5). Sura xxxiii, 9-25.

(5) The Jews, Bani Koreiza, &c. (A.H. 5). Sura viii, 58-66; Sura xxxiii, 26-27.

(6) The pilgrimic Expedition to Hodeibia (A.H. 6). Sura xlviii, 1-3, 10, 11, 24, 25; Sura lx.

(7) The Expedition to Khyber (A.H. 7). Sura xlviii, 17, 20-22.

(8) The breach of the truce of Hodeibia by the Koreish (A.H. 8).

(a) Before the Conquest of Mecca. Sura ix, 1-15.

(b) After the Conquest of Mecca, Sura ix, 16-24.

(9) The Battle of Honain (A.H. 8). Sura ix, 25-27.

(10) After the Battle of Honain (A.H. 9). Sura ix, 28.

(11) The Expedition to Tabuk against the Christians (Romans) and their Jewish Allies (A.H. 9).

(a) Exhortation to go to war in defence. Sura ix, 29-41, 124.

(b) Backwardness reproached. 42-52, 56-57, 82-90.

(c) Exhortations for contribution. 53-55, 58-60, 81.

(d) The disaffected chided. 65-76, 121, 122, 125-130.

(e) The Bedouins reprobated. 91-102.

(f) The penitents forgiven. 103-107, 118.

THE END.

INDEX.

Aamir, lii.

Aamir bin Tofeil, chief of Bani Aamir, xlvi.

Abbas, 34.

Abd-bin Hamid, 109 f.n., 222.

Abd bin Kosayy, xxxiii.

Abd Monat, xvii f.n.

Abd Shams, xxviii, 7.

Abdel Malik ibn Hisham, 72 f.n., 73 f.n.

Abd-ud-Dar, xxxiii.

Abd-ul-Kays, xlvi, lii.

Abdul Hamid, 206, 208.

Abdul Rahman, Mohammad's instruction to him, xxvii.

Abdullah, 96, 97.

Abdullah bin Abdur Rahaman bin Abi Sasta, 206, 208.

Abdullah bin al Harith, 222.

Abdullah bin Jahsh, 31, 56.

Abdullah bin Khalal, 96.

Abdullah bin Omar, 68 f.n.

Abdullah ibn Abbas, 135.

Abdullah ibn Masood, 79, 80.

Abdullah ibn Oneis, 69, 73.

Abdullah ibn Rawaha, 72, 102.

Abdullah ibn Shuburma, ibn Tufail ad Dubbi, 136.

Abdullah ibn Zubair, 135.

Abdur Razzak, 110 f.n.

Abs, xxxiv, xli, xlii, xlvi.

Abu Abd-ur-Rahman Abdullah ibn Omar ibn-al Khattab, 135.

Abu Abd-ur Rahman an Nasai, 221.

Abu Afak, 61, 64, 65.

Abu Avana, 210.

Abu Bakr, vi, lix, 9, 179.

Abu Bakr al Ajurri, 221.

Abu Barda, 83.

Abu Basir, 98, 99, 101.

Abu Bera Amr ibn Malik, a chief of Bani Aamir, xlvi.

Abu Cobeis, 6.

Abu Daood, his book of Jihad, 71 f.n., 78 f.n., 79, 80 f.n., 96, 133, 207.

Abu Hattim, 207, 209.

Abu Hurera, 215.

Abu Jahl, 7, 55.

Abu Naeem, 78.

Abu Obeida, 107.

Abu Omar-ad-Damishki, 68 f.n.

Abu Omar-al-Madni, 107.

Abu Rafe, chief of the Bani Nazeer, 61, 71-72.

Abu Sofian, viii, 7, 11, 14, 31, 32, 34, 53, 55, 56, 74, 75, 76; attempted assassination of, 61.

Abu Talib, 6; his death, 7.

Abu Yola, xxii.

Abu Zara, 208.

Abul Bakhtari, 34.

Abul Hukeik, the chief of Bani Nazeer, 39.

Abul Mo'tamar Soleiman, 89, 197, 200, 206.

Abul Ozza, 76, 80, 81.

Abwa, Expedition of, 29, 56.

Abyssinia, The emigration of the Moslems to, v, xxxiii, 5; the two emigrations of, 11; Nadhir ibn Hareth's flight to, 78, 179.

Age, The Apostolic, 109.

Ahl Hadis, 160.

Ahmas, liii.

Ahmed bin Hanbal, 221.

Ahmed ibn Abi Daood, 113.

Ahmed Khan, Syed; his Commentary of the Koran, 95 f.n.

Ahzab, vii, xxii, xxiii, 10, 197.

Ainee, a Commentary of the Hedaya, 125, 132, 134 f.n.

Ajtahada, 164.

Ajtahada fil Amr, 164.

Akhnas, 99.

Al-Aamash, 135.

Al-Amaran, 182.

Al-Amin, 212 f.n.

Al-Auzai, 135.

Ali, 9, 80, 196.

Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas, 68.

Al-Is, 57.

Al-Lat, 7.

Allah, 38.

Allauddin Al Haskafi, 170

Almotarrazi, 164.

Al-Mamun, Khalif, 136.

Al Yafi, 136.

Amalekites, 153.

Amar, commissioned to fight with Abu Sofian, 74, 81, 219.

Amar-bin-Dinar, 134, 135, 136.

Ameer Ali, Moulvie, quoted, 90.

Amr, 64.

Amr bin Saasaa, xxxiv, xli.

Amru ibn Omerga, 75.

Anaza, lii.

Annajmus Saqib (star of piercing radiance), xxxvi.

Annals of the Eastern Caliphate quoted, 193, 202.

Ans, 93 f.n., 136, 197-198, 215.

Ans bin Qizi, 89.

Ansab, 215.

Ansars, people of Medina, 32, 41.

Apartment, The (Sura), 188.

Arabs, their society, ii, 26; pagan, 125.

Arafat, xlviii.

Arqam, Mohammad sought refuge in the house of, xxxiii.

Asad, xii, xiii, xxxiii, xlvi, lii.

Asas of Zamakhshire, 163 f.n., 164.

Ashar, xvi.

Ashja, xii, xiii, xlii, xliii, xlv.

Ashraf, 66.

Asim, 80.

Aslam, xliii.

Asma bint Marwan, 61, 62-64.

Assemblies of Ali Hariri, translated by Thomas Chenry, 169.

As Sauri, 137.

As Shabi, 136.

Astromancy of the Jinns, xxxvi.

Ata, 68, 116 f.n., 134.

Ata ibn Abi Rabah, 135.

Autas, xxiii, 16.

Aws Allah, xxxix.

Aws Tribes (The), xxxix, xlii, xliv.

Ayesha, 215, 216.

Ayla, the Christian chief, xix.

Azd, xlv, lii.

Azdite Tribes (The), xxxix, xlv.

Azhar, 99.

Azruh, The Jews of, xix.

Badr, vi, vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xxii, xli, xlii, 10; the battle of, 11, 32, 34; Nadhir executed at, 78, 110 f.n., 170, 181, 196.

Baghdad, 221.

Baghvi, 214.

Bahrein, li.

Baihakee, his traditions, 114.

Balca, 40.

Balkh, 22.

Bahila, lii.

Bahra, lii.

Bajila, lii.

Bakka, xxxiv, lii.

Bakr, xvii, xxviii, xli, xlii, lii, 15, 22, 53.

Bali, xlvi, liv.

Bariq, liv.

Baus, Meaning of, xxi.

Bir Mauna, xii.

Boas, Battle of, xlii.

Bokharee, xxii, 96, 134, 199, 207.

Calcutta Review (The) quoted, 213.

Campaigns of Mohammad by Wackidi, 78 f.n., 102, 197, 198.

Canaan, 140.

Canaanites, 153.

Capitation-tax, 120, 159.

Cattle, The (Sura), 183.

Caussin de Perceval, xxvii.

Cazenove, Dr., xxvii.

Chaldean, xxxv.

Chenry, Thomas, quoted, 169.

Chosroes, 140.

Christians, 141, 142, 147, 157.

Code, The Hanafee, 137, 159.

Commentary of the Koran, 154.

Commentary on International Law, xxx.

Concubinage not allowed by the Koran, 193; of Rihana with the Prophet not proved, 201; of Maria the Coptic, 204-211; of Haphsa and Maria, 211.

Coppee's (Henry) History of the Conquest of Spain by the Arabs quoted, xxix.

Corinthians, 1, vii, 12-16; vii, 15, 112.

Cow, The (Sura), 181.

Creator, The (Sura), 181.

Cushite Tribes (The), xxxv.

Cyrus, 145.

Dahis, The war of, xli.

Daniel, The Book of, xxxv.

Daree, liv.

Dar-ul-Harb, 157, 158.

Dar-ul-Islam, 157, 158.

David, 152.

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, xxiv.

Descriptive Astronomy by Chambers quoted, xxxvi.

Deutronomy, xx, 20, 110. Ditto, xx, 10-17, 152. Ditto, xxi, 153. Ditto, vi, 5, 178.

Dhumra, 30.

Dictionary, Biographical, by Ibn Khallikan quoted, 135-137, 206, 230.

Dictionary, Biographical, of persons who knew Mohammad, 208.

Dihya sent by Mohammad to the Roman Emperor, xiii, 197.

Ditch, Battle of the, 13, 35.

Dods, Dr., quoted, lx, lxxiii, lxxxiii.

Dous, xlv.

Duma, The Christian chief of, xix, 12.

Dumatal Jandal, xii.

Dur-rul-Mansoor, 215.

Dur-rul-Mukhtar, 170.

Dzu Nowas, xxxix.

Early Caliphate and rise of Islam, by Sir W. Muir, 140.

Egypt, 140; Governor of, 205, 206.

Exodus, xxiii, 27-33, 151.

Extraordinary Popular Delusions, by Charles Mackay, quoted, xxxviii.

Fadak, 15 f.n., 39.

Fakhr-ud-deen Razi, 178.

Faraza, 219.

Farwa, liv.

Fasad, The war of, xliii.

Fayoomee, Author of Misbahel Moneer, 164.

Females in connection with the treaty of Hodeibia, 110-112.

Fezara, xiii, xxxiv, xlii, xlv, xlvi, liv, 35, 39; executed by Abu Rafe, 71.

Fitnah (Persecutions), ii, xvii, 17, 18, 44, 45, 122, 133.

Fluegel, Translation of the Koran by, 120.

Forbidding, The (Sura), 185.

Freeman, Dr., quoted, 140, 141.

Fruit-trees, 109-110.

Furkan, 177.

Fyrozabadee, 163 f.n.

Ghaba, Al, 93.

Ghafiq, liv.

Ghanim, liv.

Ghassan, The tribes of, xxxiv, xlii, xlvi, liv.

Ghassanide, Prince at Bostra (The), xxxix, 16, 139.

Ghatafan, xii, xiii, xli, 12, 35, 39; tribes of, 72, 89.

Ghaus, xliii.

Ghazavat, Meaning of the word, xxi.

Ghifar, xliii.

Ghussan, 40.

Gibbon quoted, xxiv, 26, 49 f.n.

Green, The Revd. Samuel, quoted, xxiii-xxiv.

Habbar, 113 f.n.

Hafasa, xxxiv.

Hafiz Ishmael ibn Kaseer-al-Qarashi, 214.

Hakeem-bin-Hizam, 114.

Halabi, 30; Insan-al-Oyoon of, 91; quoted and refuted, 129-132.

Hall's (William Edward) International Law, xxix.

Hallam, lxiii, lxv.

Hamadan, liv.

Hammad bin Salma, 215.

Hamra, Abul Ozza caught at, 81, 82.

Hamza, 29, 55.

Hanafee Code (The), 137, 159.

Hanifa, xxxiv, xxxix, liv, lv, 203.

Haphsa, 211.

Harb (Warfare), 163.

Harb-fijar, Battle of, xli.

Haris, xxxiii, xxxiv, xlii, lv, 48 f.n., 64, 106.

Harith of Najran, xxxix.

Harith ibn Amir, 34.

Hashim, xxxiv, 34.

Hashimites (The), xxxiii, 6.

Hatib's story, 187.

Hawazin, xlii, xliii, xlvi, xlviii, 16, 39, 86, 196.

Hazaramaut, li.

Hedaya (The), 116; quoted, 117, 118, 120, 125.

Hegira (The), 8.

Hilal bin Amr, bin Saasaa, lv.

Hims, 40.

Himyar, xliii, xlvi, lv.

Himyarite stock, xlv.

Hinzala Tribe (The), xxxiv.

Hira, The Kingdom of, xli.

Hisham, 34.

Hishami, xxxiii, 74, 81 f.n., 89, 196, 197, 200.

Hisham-bin-Abdul Malik, 206.

History and Conquest of the Saracens quoted, 140, 141.

History of European Morals quoted, 105.

History of Mohammadanism (The), quoted, xxviii.

History of the Conquest of Spain by the Arabs, xxix.

History, The Jewish, 152.

Hodeibia, Truce of, xi, xiv; violation of the truce, xvi, xxvi, xliii, xlix, 15, 22, 86; one of the articles of the treaty of Hodeibia, 99; females in connection with it, 110, 196.

Honain, xviii, xxii, xlvii, 16; Nadhir ibn Harith present at the Battle of, 78, 86, 196.

Horne, T.H., 151.

Hughes, The Revd. T.P., quoted, 154.

Huweisa, 106, 107.

Ibn Abbas; his evidence, 68, 96, 113, 215.

Ibn Abdeen, 127.

Ibn Abi Yahya, 221.

Ibn Adi, 215.

Ibn Al Athir, 30, 164 f.n.

Ibn Ky-yim, 100.

Ibn al Mosayyib, 68.

Ibn Attiah, 170.

Ibn Hajr al Askalani, 63, 206, 208; quoted and refuted, 128, 129.

Ibn Hisham, xv, xxii, xxxvi, xlvii, 30, 63, 64, 68 f.n., 69, 71, 74, 78, 80, 82, 86, 91, 92, 93 f.n., 102, 106, 107, 109 f.n., 207, 214.

Ibn Ishak, xxii, 30, 64, 69, 71, 73, 74, 79, 80, 91, 93 f.n., 100, 106, 109 f.n., 206, 207.

Ibn Jarir Tabari, 93 f.n.

Ibn Khaldun, 90.

Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary quoted, 136 f.n., 137, 206, 220.

Ibn Maja, 113, 207.

Ibn Manda, 78.

Ibn Mardaveih, 93 f.n., 109 f.n.

Ibn Mas-ood, 79, 80.

Ibn Mokrram, 163 f.n.

Ibn Ockba, 109 f.n.

Ibn Omar, 215.

Ibn Omeya, 74.

Ibn Sad Katib Wakidi, xxii, 63, 69, 74, 75, 78, 114, 206, 208, 210.

Ibn Saniua, 106, 107.

Ibn Sayyad al Nas, 89.

Ibn Shahab, 113.

Ibn Shobormah, 134.

Ibn Sirni, 136.

Ibn Sofian, 114.

Ibrahim, 80.

Ibrahim, the son of Mohammad, 209, 210.

Ibrahim bin Maisura, 68 f.n.

Ibrahim ibn Yakub al Juz Jani, 221.

Idolatry, Mohammad's abhorence of, 6.

Ignorance, Time of, 87, 169, 202.

Ikrama bin Abi Jahl, his lying character, 68, 113, 222.

Imam (The), 117; the Mujtahid, 136, 206.

Immunity, The (Sura), 185, 188, 189, 190, 191.

Insan-ul-Oyoon, 30, 80 f.n., 81 f.n., 91 f.n., 102, 129, 131 f.n.

International Law, by W.E. Hall, quoted, xxix.

Intolerance of the Koreish, 8; allegation on Mohammad, xxxi, 42, 51.

Introduction of the Book, p. i.

Introduction of the critical study and knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, by T.H. Horne, quoted, 151, 152.

Irak, 221.

Irshadussari, 170.

Irving, W., quoted, 74.

Islam, the first propagation at Mecca, xxxii-xli; the impediments it received on account of internecine wars, xl.

Islam under the Arabs, by Major R.D. Osborn, quoted, 146, 148.

Islami poets, 165, 169.

Israel, 152.

Israelites commanded to slay the Canaanites, 151.

Istizan, 38.

Jaad, lv.

Jaafir bin Kelab ibn Rabia, lv.

Jabir, xxii.

Jabir ibn Abdullah, 68, 135.

Jabra, The Jews of, xix.

Jadila, xliii.

Jafar, 206, 208.

Jahad, 170, 192.

Jahada, 163, 166, 170, 191.

Jahada fil Amr, 163.

Jahada fi Sabeel Allah, 164, 170.

Jahadaka, 166, 173.

Jahadoo, 166, 173, 179, 180, 181, 182, 188, 189, 191.

Jahd, 166, 167, 170, 181, 183.

Jahid, 166, 173, 185.

Jahid-hom, 166.

Jahidoo, 166, 173, 175, 176, 180.

Jahili, 165, 168.

Jalut (Goliath), 152.

Jarret's (Major) Translation of History of Caliphs by Sayute, 212.

Jazima, 87.

Jedda, The abode of Bani Ashar, xlv.

Jeifer bin al Jalandi, lvi.

Jelalud-Deen Mahalli, 213.

Jews (The) of Medina, iv, 34-40, 73; excited to take up arms by Nueim, 107, 125, 139, 141, 142, 147, 157.

Jierana, The valley of, 196.

Jihad, The popular, 114-161; meaning defined, 155; does not mean war or crusade, 163; classical meaning of Jihad, &c., 163; post-classical or technical meaning of Jihad, 164; the classical tongue and Arabian poets, 165; the conjugation and declination of Jahd and Jihad, 166; the number of instances in which they occur in the Koran, 166; in what sense they are used in the Koran, 167; conventional significations of, 168; Mohammadan commentators quoted, 170; when the word 'Jihad' was diverted from its original signification to its figurative meaning, of waging religious war, 170; all the verses of the Koran containing the word Jihad and its derivatives quoted and explained, 171-192.

Jihadan, 164, 170, 175, 186.

Jinn, Tribe of, xxxiv-xxxviii.

Jizya, 35.

Johd, 167, 169.

Joheina, xlii, xliii, xlvi, lvi.

Jomahites (The), xxxiii.

Joshua, 141, 153.

Jouhari, 163 f.n., 164.

Judzam, xiii, xlvi, 40.

Jufi, lvi.

Juzam, see Judzam.

Kaaba, viii; Moslems prevented from, xlv, 5, 139; stripped of its idols, xlix, l.

Kab, xxxiv, lvi.

Kab bin Yahooza, 107.

Kab ibn Ashraf, 61, 66-68, 106.

Kahins, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxviii; Kahinite stock (The), xlv.

Kahlanite stock, xxxix, xlv, xlvi.

Kainuka, xlii, 34, 35.

Kalb, xxxiv, lvi.

Katib Wakidi, xlvi.

Kent's Commentary on International Law, xxx.

Khalid ibn Waleed, 87, 193.

Khasafa, xlvi.

Khas-am bin Ammar, lvi.

Khaulan, lvi.

Khazraj tribes, xxxix, xlii, xliv.

Khozaa, xii, xvi, xvii, xliii, 123.

Khozeimah, xxxiv.

Khushain, xlv.

Khyber, xiii, xviii, xxii, xxiii, 37 f.n.

Kifaya, 122, 125.

Kilab, lii.

Kinana, Tortures of, lvi, 95; Bani, lii.

Kinda, xxxiv, xlii, lvi.

Kitab-ul-Maghazi, xxii.

Kital (Warfare), 163, 192, 193.

Koostlanee, his Commentary of Bokharee, xxii, 92, 93, 170.

Koran does not enjoin compulsory conversion, xxxi. everywhere preaches tolerance of every religion, xxxii.

Koreish, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, ix, x, xi, xii, xiii, xxiv, xxxiii, xxxix; the heavy persecutions of, l; their embassy to the Court of Abyssinia, 5; send scouts to search for Mohammad, 9; their severity to fugitives, id.; their maltreatment of children and women, id.; become more and more hostile, 11; joined by the Bani Mustalik, 12; their anxiety to postpone hostilities, 13; besiege Medina once more, 14; violate the treaty of Hodeibia, xvi, 15; their intolerance, 27; excited to take up arms by Nueim, an Arab, 101, 139, 187.

Koreishite persecution, xxxiv; caravans alleged to be intercepted, 55, 56, 57.

Koreiza, The Jewish tribes of, xiii, xix, xxii, xlii, 14, 34; execution of, 87-94, 196-200.

Kotelu, 156.

Koukabi Durrari Sharah, 68.

Kozaaite Tribe (The), xliii, xlvi.

Kufa, 136; the abode of Bani Shaitan, xxxiv.

Kulab, xlii.

Kunniat (patronymic), 208.

Kurz-bin-Jabir, a Koreish, commits a raid upon Medina, xi, 11, 92.

Kustalani, vide Koostalanee.

La-Arjomonnaka (I will assuredly say of thee), xxxviii.

Lahyan, xii, 12, 69.

Lakhm, 40.

Lane, E.W., quoted, 137-138 f.n., 168-169.

Lane's Arabic-English Lexicon, xxxviii, 163 f.n., 164, 167, 200, 219.

La-taatadu (do not attack first), xxvii.

Law, The common, in connection with Jihad, 116-117; its commentators, 119-120, 158.

Law of Moses (The), 110, 140.

Law of Scriptural interpretations; limited or conditional, general or absolute, 118.

Law of the Koran with regard to unbelievers, 111.

Law, The Mohammadan Revealed, or the Koran, 159.

Lecky, his standard of Morality, 104-105.

Lecture, The Rede, quoted, 140.

Leena, 110.

Legists, The early Moslem, against Jihad, 134; their biographical sketches, 135-137.

Leith, 15 f.n.

Lieber Francis quoted, 33, 76, 88; on Military necessity, 104.

Life of Mahomet, founder of the Religion of Islamism, by the Revd. S. Green, xxiv.

Life of Mohammad by Dr. Sprenger quoted, xxiv.

Light, The (Sura), 185.

Lisanul-Arab of Ibn Mokarram, 163.

Loghat, or The Classical Tongue of Arabia, 165.

Lokman, 177.

Luke, x, 27; and xiii, 124, 178.

MacColl, The Revd. Malcolm, quoted, 157.

Macna, The Jews of, xix.

Maddool Kamoos, by Mr. Lane, 164.

Maghazi, 38, 187 (accounts of the Campaigns of Mohammad), xliv.

Mahmud, killed by Kinana, 95.

Mahmud bin Muslama, brother of Mohammad bin Muslama, 95, 197.

Mahrah, lvi.

Mak-hool, 209.

Malak, 38.

Malik, 38.

Manakib, 199.

Marafat, Anwaa ilm Hadees, 68.

Maria the Coptic, 204; sent by the Roman Governor to Mohammad, 205; neither a slave nor a concubine, 206-208; had no son, 209; the spurious character about her story, 211, 214, 216.

Mark, XII, 30, p. 178.

Marr-al Zahran, xlviii.

Marriage, a strict bond of union in the Koran, 113.

Marw, 221.

Marwan, 62.

Masrook, 79, 215.

Mecca, xvi, xxii, 7.

Meccans, iii, 9; their invasion of Medina, 10, 32.

Medina, 100; Koreish march upon, vi, vii, xiii; the flight of Mohammad to, 5.

Mesopotamia, xxxv, xlviii.

Mikyas ibn Subaba, 96.

Mill's (Charles) History of Mohammadanism quoted, xxviii.

Mirat-uz-Zaman, 210.

Misbah-ul-Moneer of Fayoomee, 164, 214.

Mishkat (Book of Retaliation), 71 f.n., 96 f.n.

Mizan-ul-Etedal, 68, 208, 210, 215.

Moadd, xlvi.

Moaddite stock (The), xxxiv, xliii, xlvii.

Mo-an-an, 210.

Moavia ibn Mughira, 76, 81-83.

Modallis, 210.

Modern Egyptians of Lane, 137, 138.

Mohajirin (Refugees), 32.

Moharib, xxxiv, lvi.

Moharram, 23 f.n., 53.

Mojahadatan, 164.

Mojahadina, 184.

Mojahadoona, 184.

Mojahid, 155, 184.

Mojahiddin, 155.

Mojahidina, 166, 174, 184.

Mojahidoona, 166, 174, 184.

Moleil bin Zamra, xliii.

Mohammad, his incapacity to undertake offensive wars against his enemies, the Koreish, pp. ii, iv, v; had no intention to waylay the caravans at Badr, viii-x; his singular toleration and his wars of self-defence, xiv; the number of his wars, xx, xxiii; considered a sanguinary tyrant by the Revd. M. Green, xxix; defence of his allegation, xxiv-xxv; a second view of the wars of Mohammad, xxviii-xxx. His imprisonment, his preaching at Tayif, xxxiv; his followers persecuted, 1; insults offered him, 5; prevented from offering his prayers, id.; his preaching against idolatry, 6; his insecurity at Mecca, 7; sets off to Tayif, id.; proscribed by the Koreish, 9; hides himself for three days in a cave, id.; gains the battle of Badr, 10; defeated and wounded at Ohad, 12; fights the battle of the Ditch, 14; undertakes the lesser pilgrimage of Mecca, id.; encamps at Hodeibia, 15; marches to defend the Bani Khozaa, 16; his wars purely defensive, 17-26; was justified in taking up arms, 27; his attacks mere acts of retaliation, 33; gives quarters to his enemies, and enters into a treaty with the Jews, 34-40; his last war with the Romans, 41; never taught intolerance, 43; the object of his wars, 50-51; his alleged interceptions of the Koreish caravans, 55-57; the alleged interceptions proved impossible, 58; the assassinations said to have taken place at his own instructions, 60-76; his alleged cruelty in executing the prisoners of war, 76-83; represented as directing the execution of the prisoners of Badr, 83-85; his kind treatment of the prisoners of war, 85-87; had no share in the execution of a singing girl as alleged by his biographers, 96-97; never refused Abu Basir from going back to his guardian, 99; his adherence to the treaty of Hodeibia, 100; never gave any permission for the murder of Sanina, 106-107; his Koran never teaches aggressive wars, 125; Freeman Stephens, Bosworth Smith, George Sale, Major Osborn, the Revd. Wherry, the Revd. Hughes, and the Revd. MacColl, on the wars of Mohammad, 146-161.

Mohammad (Sura), 184.

Mohammad bin Ishak, 68.

Mohammad bin Kobeib Hashimi, 80.

Mohammad bin Muslama, 95.

Mohammad bin Sad Kalib Wakidi, 68, 201, 207.

Mohammad bin Sireen, 68.

Mohammad bin Yahya bin Habban, 222.

Mohammad, Buddha and Christ, by Dr. Dods, quoted, lxxiv.

Mohammad Karamat-ul Ali of Delhi, 100 f.n.

Mohammad and Mohammadanism, by B. Smith, quoted, 143.

Mokatil, 184, 220-221.

Mokhadrams, poets, 165, 169.

Mokowkas, the Roman Governor, 205.

Moleil-bin-Zamra, xliii.

Mooahib of Koostlanee, 93 f.n.

Mooltan, 169.

Morad, lvi.

Morocco, 169.

Mosaic injunctions, 153.

Moses, The law of, 110, 140, 141, 145, 150, 152, 153.

Mosheim, Dr., quoted, lxi, lxiii, lxv.

Moslems forced to resort to arms in pure self-defence, 10; threatened by Abu Sofian with an attack, 7, 13.

Moslim, his collections, 71 f.n., 86, 196, 198, 210, 214.

Movatta, by Malik, 114.

Mowallads, poets, 165.

Mozar, xlvi.

Mozeina, xlii, xliii.

Muallafa Qolubohum (those whose hearts are to be won over), xlviii.

Mudlij, lv; a tribe of Kinana, iv, 30.

Mufti, 136.

Mughrib of Almotarrazi (The), 164 f.n.

Muheiasa, the murderer of Ibn Sanina, 106, 107.

Muir's (Sir W.) Life of Mahomet quoted, i, vi, viii, ix f.n., xxvii, xxviii, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxix, xliii, xlvi, xlviii, xlix, l, lxvi, lxvii, lxx, lxxii, lxxviii, lxxx, 9 f.n., 27, 29 f.n., 30 f.n., 39, 43, 46, 47, 49 f.n., 51, 52, 56, 58 f.n., 64 f.n., 65, 67, 68 f.n., 69, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 82, 83, 85, 89, 91, 93, 97, 98, 99, 102, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113 f.n., 138, 140, 160 f.n., 170, 178, 180, 181, 187, 188, 193, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 205, 210, 212, 214, 216, 217, 218, 219.

Mujanna, xlviii.

Mujhool, 134.

Mujtahid, 137, 160.

Mukwhumites (The), xxxiii.

Muntafiq, lvi.

Muraisia, xviii.

Murra, xiii, xlv, xlvi, lvi, 15, 39.

Mursul, 109 f.n.

Musa-bin-Akba, xxii.

Musab, 78.

Mustalik, xii, xviii; a branch of Khozaa, xxiii, 12; released without ransom, 86, 196.

Muta, Expedition to, 138.

Mut-im, 7.

Nadhirbin Harith, 76, 77-78.

Naeem, 13.

Najashee, xxxiii.

Najd, xii, 12; the Bedouin tribes of, xli, xlii, xliii, 89, 196, 199, 200; celebrated for Bani Tamim, xlvii.

Najran, The Christians of, xxxiii, 37, 48.

Nakha, lvi.

Nakhla, the Jinns converted at, xxxv, xxxvi, 30, 56.

Nasaee, 207, 215, 216.

Nations, The battle of, 13.

Nazeer treasoned against Medina, xii, xlii, 34, 66, 71; its chief, 72; the expulsion of, 108-110.

Nazr, xxxiv, 78.

Nihayeh of Ibn-al-Atheer, 164 f.n.

Nineteenth century (The) quoted, 158.

Nineveh, xxxv.

Nisibin, xxxv.

Noavee, 214.

Nohd, lvi.

Notes on Muhammadanism, by Revd. T.P. Hughes, 154.

Nueim, his alleged employment to break up the confederates who had besieged Medina, 101-105.

Numbers, xxxi, 153.

Nuraddin Ali-al-Halabi quoted and refuted, 129-132.

Obada-bin-Samat, 58 f.n.

Obeida, 29, 55.

Ohad, Battle of, vii, xii, xviii, xxii, xlii, xlvii, 10, 11, 34, 69, 197.

Okaz, xlviii.

Okba bin Mueit, 76, 79-81.

Oman, li.

Omar, 83, 196, 202.

Omar bin Asim, 209.

Omar ibn al Ghallas, 209.

Omar ibn al Hakam, 201.

Omeir, 62, 63.

Omeya bin Khalf, 56.

Omiyyiads, xxxiii.

Omm Kirfa, 91.

Omm Rabab, 208.

Ommara, 80.

Oneis, 73.

Orfee, 170.

Orna, 69.

Osaba-fi-Tamiz Issahaba, 68 f.n.

Osborn, R.D., Major, quoted, 42, 62; refuted, lxviii, lxxxv, lxxxvii, lxxxviii, lxxxix, 146-149.

Oseir ibn Zarim, the chief of Nazeer of Khyber, 39, 61, 72-73.

Osheira, Expedition of, 29, 56.

Osman, the Moslem envoy to Mecca, xv.

Osman, 80, 196.

Osman bin Affan, 89.

Osman bin Zaed, 91 f.n.

Otheil, 78 f.n.

Oyoon-al Asar, 89.

Ozra, xxxiv, lvi, lvii.

Palmer's (H.) Translation of the Koran quoted, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191.

Patriarchal form of Government at Mecca, iii.

Pargod (Veil), xxxviii.

People of the Book (Kitabi), 157.

Persia, The Empire of, 138.

Persecution of the early Moslems, 1; noticed in the Koran, 2-4; their historical summary, 5; of the Medina converts, 9; of the Moslems by the Koreish after their flight from Mecca, 9; of the Koreish at Mecca, 225.

Philistines, 152.

Pilgrimage, 14, 178.

Pilgrims, 8.

Poets Jahili, Mokhadrams, Islami, and Mowallads, 165.

Poole, S.L., quoted, lxxxv, 61, 97-98.

Prisoners of war defined, 76.

Puffendorf, 70.

Punishment, Forms of primitive, 94-95.

Pyrenees, 169.

Qadr, 220.

Qalqashandi's Dictionary of Arab tribes, xxxiv.

Qarashi, 214.

Rabia, The Bani Abd-ul-Kays, the descendants of, xlvii.

Radd-ul Muhtar of Ibn Abdeen, 127.

Raha, lvii.

Rahrahan, Battle of, xli.

Raid of a Koreish chief upon Medina, 11. of Bani Asad and Bani Lahyan, 12. of Bani Duma, 12.

Rajab, 56.

Raji, xii, 12, 39, 74.

Rajm, Meaning of, xxxviii.

Ramzan, 23 f.n., 32, 53.

Rawasa, lvii.

Red Sea, 5.

Reforms, The proposed, political, social, and legal, 113 f.n., 158 f.n.

Resurrection, The day of, and Jihad, 133.

Rifaa, a Koreishite, 88 f.n.

Rihana, 201.

Ril, a clan of Bani Aamir, xlvi.

Robbers, The Urnee, 92-95.

Rodwell's Translation of the Koran quoted, 120 f.n., 167, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191.

Rojum (conjecture), xxxviii.

Romans, The expedition against them, 40-41.

Rome, The Empire of, 138.

Romulus, 145.

Saad, xiii, xlii.

Saad Hozeim, lvii.

Saad ibn Bakr, xiii, xl, xliii, xlv.

Sabaya, 197-200.

Sabit, 215.

Sad, 35; his judgment, 37-38, 55, 198, 199.

Sad bin Obadah, 89.

Sadif, lvii.

Sadoos, lvii.

Sadr Av-val (the Apostolic Age), 109.

Saeed, 83.

Saeed bin Mansoor, 215.

Saffah-al-Mahdi, 212.

Safra, 31.

Safwan bin Omayya, 113.

Saheeh, 198.

Saheeh Bokharee, 68.

Saheeh of Moslim, 86.

Sahim, lvii.

Sahm, xxxiii f.n.

Sakeef, lvii.

Sakifites (The), xviii, xxxvi.

Salaba, xlvi.

Salamani, lviii.

Sale, G., his Translation of the Koran, xxix; quoted, 143-146, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191.

Saleim, xii, xiii, 15 f.n.

Salim, 65 f.n.

Sallam ibn Abul Hokeik, Abu Rafe, 71.

Sam-ain, 215 f.n.

Samaritan, 157.

Samuel, 152.

Saraya, Meaning of, xxi.

Sawad, 136.

Sayute's History of Caliphs, 212 f.n., 215 f.n.

Schedim (Demons), xxxviii.

Secker, Archbishop, quoted, 27.

Seerat Halabi, 80 f.n., 81 f.n., 100 f.n., 102 f.n.

Seerat Shamee, 63, 100 f.n.

Seerat-ul-Mohammadiya, 100.

Seleucas, xxxv.

Self-defence, Right of, xxv.

Shaban, 53.

Shahbudeen Ahmed bin Hajr Makki, quoted and refuted, 128-129.

Shaiban, lviii.

Shaitain, Battle of, xxviii, xlii.

Shamee, 100.

Shamsuddin Karmani, 68 f.n.

Sarakhsee Sums-ul-Aimma (the sun of leaders), 126-128.

Shaw-wal, 23.

Sheb, the quarter of Abu Taleb, 6.

Sheb Jabala, Battle of, xli.

Sheikh Mohammad Al Tamartashi, 170.

Sihab of Jouhari, 163, 164.

Slane, De, Baron MacGuckin, 135-137.

Slavery and concubine-slaves as concomitant evils of war, 193-224; slavery and concubinage not allowed in the Koran, 193; Sir W. Muir quoted, 193; measures taken by Mohammad in the Koran to abolish slavery, 194-196; none of the prisoners of war was enslaved, 197-198; the Bani Koreiza not enslaved, 198-200; Omar the second Khalif liberated all Arab slaves, 202-203.

Smith, Bosworth, quoted, i, xxvii, 143.

Smith's (W.) Dictionary of the Bible, xxxvi.

Sodaa, lviii.

Soffian Ath-Thauri, 136-137.

Sofia, 197, 198.

Sofian ibn Khalid, 61, 69-71.

Sofian ibn Oyaina, 136, 137.

Sofian Sowri, 134.

Sohail, 93 f.n.

Soleiman-al-Aamash, 210.

Spider, The (Sura), 180.

Spoils, The (Sura), 182, 183.

Sprenger, Dr., Life of Mahomet quoted, xxix, xxxiii, 179.

Stanley defended, 112.

Stephens, The Revd., quoted, lxxv, 141-142.

Stobart quoted, lxviii, 2, 52.

Strabo, xxxv.

Suleim, xii, xiii, xlii, xlv, xlvi, 12.

Sura II, xvi, xxvi, xxvii, 3, 10, 18-19, 42 f.n., 44, 49, 50, 51, 111, 116 f.n., 118, 120 f.n., 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 130, 132, 133, 134, 152, 156, 166, 171 f.n., 173 f.n., 181, 194, 225.

Sura III, xii, 3, 50, 166, 174, 182, 225, 226.

Sura IV, xv, xl, 4, 10, 19-21, 50, 95, 111, 113, 118, 122, 142, 154, 155, 166-167, 172, 174, 184, 195, 203, 204, 219, 225.

Sura V, xxvi, xxxiii, 42 f.n., 50, 122, 130, 166, 167, 191, 195, 203, 204.

Sura VI, 122, 154, 166, 167, 174, 176, 183.

Sura VII, 122.

Sura VIII, viii, ix, x, xv, xvi, xxvi, 5, 21, 22, 35-36, 45, 51, 118, 121, 122, 124, 134, 147, 166, 167, 174, 182, 183, 219, 225, 226.

Sura IX (Sura Barat), xi, xvii, xix, xx, 1, 4, 16, 22, 25, 36-37, 42 f.n., 51-55, 118, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 143, 147, 149-150, 159, 166-167, 172, 173, 175, 176, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191, 195, 225, 226, 227.

Sura XI, 219.

Sura XV, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii, 122, 127, 220.

Sura XVI, 2, 3, 122, 127, 130, 166, 167, 173, 180, 225.

Sura XVIII, xxxviii, 42 f.n., 130.

Sura XIX, xxxviii, 219.

Sura XX, 171 f.n.

Sura XXII, vi, 1, 3, 17, 118, 122, 127, 128, 166, 167, 173, 178, 225.

Sura XXIV, iv, xviii, 50, 131, 166, 167, 185, 194, 203, 204.

Sura XXV, 166, 167, 173, 175, 177.

Sura XXVI, xxxvii, xxxviii.

Sura XXIX, 166, 167, 170, 171 f.n., 172, 173, 179, 180.

Sura XXXI, 130, 166, 167, 173, 177.

Sura XXXII, xxxvii, xxxviii.

Sura XXXIII, 37, 89, 199, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 226.

Sura XXXV, 166, 167, 173, 181.

Sura XL, 167.

Sura XLI, xxxviii, 167.

Sura XLVI, xxxv, 167.

Sura XLVII, xxvii, 85, 141, 147, 154, 156, 160, 161, 166, 167, 174, 184, 195, 196, 197, 225, 226.

Sura XLVIII, xv, xvi, xl, 160, 225, 226.

Sura XLIX, 166, 167, 173, 175, 188.

Sura LII, 130.

Sura LVIII, 195.

Sura LIX, 110, 226.

Sura LX, 4, 110, 111, 112 f.n., 166, 225, 226.

Sura LXI, 166, 173, 175, 184, 186.

Sura LXVI, 166, 185, 211, 214.

Sura LXVII, xxxvii.

Sura LXXII, xxxvi, xxxvii, 186 f.n.

Sura LXXIII, 130, 220.

Sura LXXXV, 50.

Sura LXXXVI, xxxvi.

Sura XC, 194.

Sura XCVI, 5.

Suras, Meccan, 177-181.

Suras, Medinite, 181-191.

Surat-al-Mohammad, 154.

Surat-un-Nisa, 154.

Syed Ameer Ali Moulvie, M.A., LLB., 91 f.n.

Syria, viii, 30, 40, 89, 140, 200.

Tabaeen, 209, 215-216.

Tabakat al Fokaha, 135-136.

Tabakat of Ibn Sad Katib Wakidi, 114.

Tabari 30, 212.

Tabi, 135, 136.

Tabikha, The ancestors of Bani Tamim, xlvii.

Table, The (Sura), 191.

Tabuk, xix, 37 f.n.; the last expedition of Mohammad against, 40.

Tafseer Majma-ul-Bayan Tabarasee, 116 f.n., 187.

Taghlib, lviii.

Taimee, Okba executed at, 80.

Tajahada, 164.

Tajeeb, lviii.

Takreeb, 210, 215.

Tamim (The), xxvii, xxxiv, xli, xlvi, lviii.

Tanfeel, 7, 196.

Tanvir-al Absar, 170.

Tariq (Comet or night comer), xxxvi.

Tay, xxxix, xliii, lviii.

Tayif, xxii; Mohammad preaches at, xxxiv; sacrilegious war at, xli.

Taym bin Morra, xxxiii.

Testament, The Old, 153.

Thakeef, lvii, 16.

Theseus, 145.

Tirmizee, 113, 207.

Tojahidoona, 166.

Tradition (a mursal), 109 f.n.

Traditions quoted and refuted, 133.

Tried, The (Sura), 186.

Tuhfat-ul-Muhtaj fi Sharah-al-Minhaj, 129 f.n.

Tuleiba, chief of Bani Asad bin Khozeima, xlvii.

Urnee Robbers, 92-95.

Urquhart, 137.

Us Tayif, xxxvi.

Usseya, a clan of Bani Aamir, xlvi.

Uyeina, the chief of the Bani Fezara, xiii, xlvi.

Vans Kennedy, Major, quoted, 28.

Von Kemer's History of Mohammad's Campaigns, 90 f.n., 102.

Wady-al-Koraa, The Jews of, xiii, xliii.

Wahid, 83.

Wajib (Legal), Jihad not, 134.

Waki ibn al-Jarrah, 221.

Wakidi, 29 f.n., 30, 63, 64, 74, 78 f.n., 80 f.n., 31 f.n., 91; Campaigns of Mohammad, xliii, 102, 197, 200, 201, 205, 206, 208, 212, 221.

Wars of Mohammad, their defensive nature, ii.

Weil, Dr., 63.

Wheaton's International Law, 70 f.n.

Wherry, The Revd. E.M., quoted, 150-152, 154 f.n.

Wolff, 70 f.n.

Woman, The (Sura), 184.

Yafa-ee, 210.

Yahya, 213.

Yahya bin Hammad, 210.

Yahya bin Moin, 221.

Yahya bin Saeed al Ansaree, 68.

Yakoob bin Mohammad, 208.

Yemama, li.

Yenbo, the abode of Bani Joheina, xliii.

Yemen, xxxix, li.

Yezid bin Abi Shaiba, 133.

Yojahido, 166, 179.

Yojahidoo, 166, 176, 190.

Yojahidoona, 166, 176, 191.

Yoseir bin Razim (Oseir bin Zarim), 72 f.n.

Yoslemoon, 160.

Zad-al-maad of Ibn al Kyyim, 100 f.n.

Zahabi, 215.

Zakawan, a clan of Bani Aamir, xlvi.

Zalkada, 14, 23 f.n., 53.

Zamaa, 34.

Zamra, iv.

Zamakhshire, 163, 213.

Zat-al-Rikaa, xii, 196.

Zat Atlah, 15 f.n.

Zeid killed Moavia, 81.

Zeid, the adopted son of Mohammad, and his connection with Zeinab, 215, 216, 217, 218, 222.

Zeid bin Arqam, xxii.

Zeid bin Aslam, 215.

Zeid bin Haris, seized and plundered by the Bani Fezara, xiii.

Zeid Monat, xxxiv.

Zeinab, 113, 211; her story, 215-216; the story of Mohammad's amour, a spurious one, 216; Sir W. Muir's conjectures about her, not justified, 218; in her case no exceptional privilege was secured to Mohammad, 220; the false story traced to Mukatil, 222.

Zu Towa, the Koreish encamped at, xv.

Zil Kassa, a party of Moslems slain at, xiii.

Zobeid, lviii.

Zobeir, a Koreishite, 88, 96.

Zobian, xli, xlii, xlvi.

Zohak, 80.

Zohak ibn Muzahim, 215.

Zohra, xxxiii.

Zohri, 128, 209.

Zorkanee, 80 f.n.; on Mooahib, 93, 100, 109 f.n., 110 f.n.

Zu-kar, Battle of, xli.

Zulhij, 23 f.n., 53.

Zul-Kada, xiii, 23 f.n.

Zul-Majaz xlviii.

Calcutta; December, 1887.

THACKER, SPINK & CO.'S

LAW PUBLICATIONS.

THIRD EDITION IN PREPARATION.

THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE,