Part 66

SALPACEA. Bl. The second family of the order Heterobranchiata, Bl. containing no genera of shells.

SANDALINA. Schum. CREPIDULINA, Lam. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.

SANGUINOLARIA. Lam. (Sanguis, blood.) Fam. Nymphacea, Lam. Pyloridea, Bl.--Descr. Equivalve, inequilateral, transverse, sub-ovate, rounded anteriorly, sub-rostrate posteriorly, compressed, thin, covered with a shining epidermis, gaping at the sides; hinge with two cardinal teeth in each valve, and an external ligament supported upon a prominent fulcrum; muscular impressions two in each valve, lateral, irregular, palleal impressions with a large sinus.--Obs. This description is made to exclude some of Lamarck's species of Sanguinolaria, such as S. occidens, S. rugosa, which are Psammobiæ; and to include others which he has left out. The Sanguinolariæ are sub-rostrated posteriorly, while the Psammobiæ are sub-quadrate and have a posterior angle. Fig. 98, S. rosea. Sandy shores of tropical climates.

SARACENARIA. Defr. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.

SAVIGNIUM. Leach. A genus of Sessile Cirripedes, described as composed of four valves soldered together, and a convex bivalve operculum; the ventral and posterior valve on each side being soldered together, in other respects resembling PYRGOMA. Fig. 30.

SAXICAVA. Fl. de Belvue. Journ. de Ph. an. 10. (Saxum, a stone; cava, a hollow.) Fam. Lithophagidæ, Lam. Pyloridea, Bl.--Descr. Transverse, irregular, generally oblong, inequilateral, sub-equivalve, gaping anteriorly; ligament external; muscular impressions two, lateral; palleal impression interrupted, not sinuated; hinge, when young with sometimes two or three minute, obtuse, generally indistinct, cardinal teeth; which become obsolete when full grown.--Obs. Several genera have been founded only upon the difference between the young and old shell of the same species of this genus. The Saxicavæ are found in the little hollows of rocks; in cavities on the backs of oysters, of roots of sea-weeds, &c. in northern and temperate climates. S. rugosa, fig. 94.

SCABRICULA. Sw. A sub-genus of Mitræ, consisting of species which have a roughened external surface, &c. Sw. Malac. p. 319.

SCABROUS. Rough.

SCALA. Klein. SCALARIA, Auct.

SCALARIA. Auct. Fam. Scalariana, Lam. Cricostomata, Bl.--Descr. Turrited, oval or oblong; spire long, composed of rounded, sometimes separate whorls, surrounded by regular concentric ribs; aperture oval, peristome reflected continuous, entire.--Obs. The typical species of this genus, commonly called the Wentletrap, (S. pretiosa) is celebrated for the beautiful appearance caused by the numerous ribs encircling the whorls, and formerly produced an immense price in the market. It is brought from China. There are many smaller species, some of which are equally elegant. Fig. 351, S. Pallasii, Kiener.

SCALARIANA. Lam. A family belonging to the first section of the order Trachelipoda, Lam. The shells belonging to it are described as having the inner and outer lips continuous, without a canal, emargination, or other division. In this respect the family is stated to differ from the Turbinacea, and is therefore separated. The genera may be distinguished as follows:--

1. VERMETUS. Irregularly twisted, like Serpula. Fig. 345.

2. EULIMA. Pyramidal; apex contorted; including Bonellia. Fig. 347, 348.

3. RISSOA. Pyramidal, straight, consisting of few whorls. Fig. 346.

4. SCALARIA. With external varices. Fig. 351.

5. CIRRUS. Trochiform. Fig. 349.

6. ENOMPHALUS. Orbicular. Fig. 350.

7. DELPHINULA. Few whorls, rapidly increasing. Fig. 352.

SCALLOP. The common name for shells of the genus Pecten, the larger species of which were worn by pilgrims to the Holy Land in the time of the Crusades.

SCALPELLUM. Leach. (A little knife or lancet.) Order, Pedunculated Cirripedes, Lam.--Descr. Flat, quadrated, acuminated, composed of thirteen valves, one dorsal, arcuated; one pair apicial, acuminated; one pair ventral; two pair lateral, small, sub-quadrate; pedicle scaly.--Obs. This genus and Smilium, are the only Pedunculated Cirripedes which have thirteen valves; in the latter genus, which we think should at any rate be united to this, the valves are somewhat differently placed, and the pedicle is said to be smooth. Fig. 35, Scalpellum vulgare. British.

SCAPHA. Klein. (A boat.) NAVICELLA, Auct.

SCAPHANDER. Montf. BULLA lignaria, Auct. Fig. 251.

SCAPHELLA. Sw. A genus of the family "Volutinæ," Sw. thus described: "Shell smooth, almost polished; outer lip thickened internally; suture enamelled; lower plaits the smallest; apex of the spire various: 1. fusiformis. Sw. Bligh. Cat. 2. undulatus. Ex. Conch. pl. 27. 3. Junonia, Ex. Conch. pl. 33. 4. stromboides. 5. papillosa. Sw. Sow. gen." Sw. Malac. p. 318.

SCAPHITES. (A boat.) Fam. Ammonacea, Lam. and Bl.--Descr. Convolute, chambered, closely related to the Ammonites, from which it differs in the last whorl being eccentrically straightened, and lengthened, and again incurved towards the extremity. Only known in a fossil state. Fig. 481, S. æqualis.

SCAPHULA. Sw. A genus of "OLIVINÆ," Sw. thus described: "Spire very short, thick, obtuse, and not defined; aperture very wide, with only two or three oblique plaits at the base. Sw. patula, Sow. Tank. Cat. 2331. (b.)" (Sw. p. 322.)

SCARABUS. Montf. (Scarabæus, a kind of beetle.) Fam. Colimacea, Lam. Auriculacea, Fer.--Descr. Oval, somewhat compressed, smooth, with slightly raised varices; spire equal in length to the aperture, pointed, consisting of numerous whorls; aperture ovate, rounded anteriorly, pointed posteriorly, modified by the last whorl; outer lip sub-reflected, with several prominent folds on the inner edge; inner lip spread over a portion of the body whorls, with several prominent folds.--Obs. The shells of this genus are found like Auriculæ, in marshy places. C. imbrium is said to have been found on the tops of mountains, by Captain Freycinet. Fig. 299*, S. imbrium.

SCHIZODESMA. Gray. A genus composed of species of MACTRA, Auct. with the ligament placed in an external slit. Fig. 8, M. Spengleri.

SCISSURELLA. D'Orbigny. (Scissus, cut.) Fam. Turbinacea, Lam.--Descr. Sub-globose, umbilicated, with a spiral groove terminating at the margin of the outer lip in a slit; spire short; aperture oval, modified by the last whorl; outer lip sharp, with a deep slit near the spire. Recent on the coasts of Britain; fossil in the Calcaire-grossièr.--Obs. This genus, consisting of small shells, is known from Pleurotomaria by the shortness of the spire; the latter genus being trochiform. Fig. 340, S. elatior.