Part 37

GLOBULUS. Sow. Min. Con. AMPULLARIA, Auct.

GLYCIMERIS. Lam. Fam. Solenacea, Lam. Pyloridea, Bl.--Descr. Equivalve, transverse, oblong, thick, compressed, gaping at both extremities; hinge callous, without teeth; ligament large, external, prominent; epidermis thick, black, horny, folded over the margins; muscular impressions two, distant, running into the irregular palleal impression which unites them.--Obs. But few species of this singular genus are known; Lamarck describes two species from the Northern Seas. Blainville is of opinion that they belong to the family of the Nayades. Fig. 67, G. Siliqua.

GNATHODON. Gray. ([Greek: Gnathos], gnathos, jaw-bone; [Greek: odos], [Greek: odontos], odontos, tooth.) Fam. Mactracea, Lam.--Descr. Ovate, posteriorly angulated, equivalve, thick, ventricose, inequilateral, covered with a greenish brown epidermis; umbo distant, prominent; hinge having in one valve a sharp, angular, notched, cardinal tooth, and two lateral teeth, the posterior of which is elongated, and the anterior angulated, tortuous, shaped like a jaw-bone; in the other valve, two cardinal and two lateral teeth, the anterior of which is wedge-shaped; ligament internal, cuneiform, placed in a deep cardinal pit proceeding from the umbones; muscular impressions two; palleal impression having a slight sinus.--Obs. Only one species is known, G. cuneatus, fig. 83, from New Orleans. It is known from all other shells by the character of the hinge.

GONIATITES. De Haan. A genus composed of species of Ammonites, Auct. in which the last whorl covers the spire and the sinuations of the septa are angulated. Fig. 480, G. striatus.

GONIDOMUS. Sw. A sub-genus of Geotrochus, Sw. PUPA pagodus, Auct. Sw. p. 332.

GONIOSTOMA. Sw. A sub-genus of Bulimus, thus described, "spire elongated, of few whorls; aperture contracted at each end; lips margined; the pillar curving inwards; the base slightly notched. G. erubescens, Sw. Zool. Journ. i. pl. 5, f. 2." Sw. p. 335.

GONIOSTOMATÆ. Bl. A family belonging to the order Asiphonibranchiata, Bl. containing the genera Solarium and Trochus.

GONOSPIRA. Sw. A sub-genus of Pupa, thus described, "spire perfectly cylindrical, of equal thickness, the tip obtuse, with the whorls large; aperture oval; lips thickened; pillar with or without a plait. G. polanga, Desh. Lesson, Voy. pl. 8, f. 8." Sw. p. 333.

GRANULATED. (Granum, a grain.) Covered with minute grains, rough. The granulated lip of Oniscia, (fig. 409) will serve as an example.

GRATELOUPIA. Moulins. Fam. Nymphacea, Lam.--Descr. Equivalve, inequilateral, sub-cuneiform, rounded anteriorly, sub-rostrated posteriorly; hinge with three cardinal teeth, a series of five or six irregular, small, diverging teeth behind the umbones, and one lateral anterior tooth in each valve; ligament external; muscular impressions two; palleal impression sinuated posteriorly.--Obs. This genus (Donax irregularis, Bast.) is only known in a fossil state. Fig. 102, G. Moulinsii.

GRYPHÆA. Lam. (From Gryps, a griffin.) Fam. Ostracea, Lam.--Descr. Inequivalve, free; lower valve large, concave; with the umbo prominent, incurved; upper valve small, flat, opercular; hinge toothless, with a curved, depressed area; one muscular impression.--Obs. These shells, which approach the Oysters, are of a more regular form, and are remarkable for the curved, produced beak of the lower valve. They are only known in a fossil state, belonging to the more ancient strata. Fig. 182, G. incurva. The recent species mentioned by Lamarck is not a true Gryphæa.

GYMNOLEPAS. A generic name used by De Blainville to include OTION and CINERAS, Leach.

GYMNOSOMATA. Bl. The second family of the order Aporobranchiata, in the system of De Blainville. The animals belonging to this family are destitute of shells.

GYPIDEA. Dalman. A genus of Brachiopoda, thus described, "Larger valve with the umbo rostrated, remote from the hinge; with the canal large, deltoid; bilocular within." PENTAMERUS, Sow. Fig. 210. 211, G. Conchidium, copied from Dalman.

GYROGONA. Lam. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.

GYROIDINA. D'Orb. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.

HALIOTIDÆ. Sw. A sub-genus of Calyptræa. CALYPTRÆA dilatata. Sowerby's Genera of Shells, fig. 9.

HALIOTIS. Auct. ([Greek: als], als, sea; [Greek: ous], [Greek: ôtos], otos, ear.) Fam. Macrostomata, Lam. Otides, Bl.--Descr. Auriform, broad, depressed, pearly within, rough, costated, tuberculated without; spire short, flat, consisting of one or two whorls; aperture wide; ovate; columella laminar, flat, oblique; a spiral series of perforations running along the dorsal margin.--Obs. The splendid shells belonging to this genus are remarkable for the pearly iridescence of the inner surface, and the row of holes following the course of the spire. The soft parts are eaten in Guernsey and Jersey, and reckoned delicious. They belong to temperate and tropical climates. Fig. 338, H. rubra. 339, Padollus, Montf.

HALIOTOID. (Haliotis and [Greek: eidos], eidos, form.) Ear-shaped.

HAMIFORM. (Hamus, a hook.) Curved at the extremity.

HAMITES. Parkinson. (Hamus, a hook.) Fam. Ammonacea, Lam.--Descr. Elongated, cylindrical, chambered, recurved at the smaller extremity, annulated; septa lobed and sinuated.--Obs. This remarkable fossil from the Baculite limestone in Normandy, differs from Baculites in being curved at one extremity, a circumstance from which its name is derived. Some small species are found in Chalk-Marle, Folkstone. Fig. 484*. H. cylindricus.

HARPA. Brug. (Harpa, a harp.) Fam. Purpurifera, Lam. Entomostomata, Bl.--Descr. Oval, ventricose, longitudinally and regularly costated; spire short, with rounded, dome-like whorls; aperture wide, emarginated; outer lip thickened, reflected, composing the last costa or rib; inner lip polished, spread over part of the body whorl, terminating in a point.--Obs. This beautiful genus of shells is so clearly defined by the regular, longitudinal ribs that adorn the external surface, suggesting the idea of a stringed instrument, that there is no danger of confounding it with any other. H. multicostata, (Buccinum costatum, Linn.) and H. ventricosa, are among the most elegant of the testaceous productions of the sea both in form and colouring; the former is rare. The recent species are not numerous, they inhabit the Indian Ocean. A fossil species occurs at Grignon, near Paris. Fig. 419, H. ventricosa.

HARPAX. Parkinson. Part of PLICATULA, Auct.

HARPULA. Sw. A group of shells separated from VOLUTA, Auct. thus described, "shell generally tuberculated or longitudinally ribbed; apex of the spire papillary, smooth, and in general distorted; pillar with numerous distinct plaits; the upper, small and slender, the lower, thickest and shortest."--Type, H. Vexillum. (Voluta, Auct.)

HAUSTATOR. Montf. A genus proposed to include those species of TURRITELLA, Auct. which have angulated whorls.

HAUSTELLARIA. Sw. A sub-genus of Murex, consisting of species with long canal and no spines. Murex Haustellum, fig. 396.

HAUSTRUM. Humph. PURPURA, Lamarck.

HELCION. Montfort. A genus composed of species of Patella, which have the apex distinctly and prominently bent forwards. Ex. P. pellucida, fig. 230.