Part 24

CIMBER. Montf. NAVICELLA, Auct.

CINERAS. Leach. (Cinereus, ash-coloured.) Order, Pedunculated Cirripedes, Lam.--Descr. Animal with a quadrilateral body, supported on a fleshy peduncle, with an opening in front of the upper part for the passage of a bunch of ciliated tentacula. Immediately above this aperture is a pair of small elongated valves, placed in a nearly horizontal position; at the lower part is another tripartite pair placed perpendicularly, one on each side, and a narrow, angulated, keel-shaped piece placed at the back.--Obs. The nearest approach to this genus is Otion. (C. Vittatus, fig. 42.) Found upon substances floating in the sea.

CINEREOUS. (Cinereus) Ash-coloured.

CINGULA. Fleming. RISSOA, Leach.

CIONELLA. Jeffreys. Fam. Colimacea, Lam.--Descr. Oblong or elongated; last whorl large; apex rather acute; columella, sub-interrupted; aperture canaliculated, sub-effuse at the base; margins very unequal; no umbilicus. BULINUS octonus, lubricus, acicula, &c. Auct. C. lubrica, fig. 285.

CIRCE. Schum. VENUS castrensis, fig. 117 d. V. sulcatina, arabica, pectinata, Auct. and other similar species.

CIRRIPEDES. Lam. The tenth class of invertebrated animals, so named from the curled and ciliated branchia which protrude from the oval aperture of the shells. The class Cirripedes of Lamarck constitutes the entire genus Lepas of Linnæus. They are divided into two sections; first, Sessile Cirr. attached by the basal portion of the shell; second, Pedunculated Cirr. supported upon a Peduncle. Figs. 14 to 45.

CIRROBRANCHIATA. Bl. The first order of Paracephalophora Hermaphrodita, Bl. This order has been formed for the purpose of giving a place in the system to the genus Dentalium. The animal of which has lungs, consisting of numerous filaments, having their basal origin in two radical lobes under the neck.

CIRRUS. J. Sowerby (cirrus, a tendril.) Fam. Turbinacea, Bl. and Lam.--Descr. Spiral, conical, with a hollow axis; whorls contiguous, numerous, rounded, or slightly angulated.--Obs. This fossil genus resembles Trochus, from which it is known by the deep funnel-shaped umbilicus. Fig. 349, C. nodosus.

CISTULA. Humph. CYCLOSTOMA, Lam.

CLANCULUS. Montf. TROCHUS Pharaonis, Lam.--Obs. This, with several other species, belong more properly to MONODONTA, Lam. ODONTIS, Sow. Fig. 361.

CLATHODON. Conrad. GNATHODON, Gray.

CLAUSILIA. Drap. (Clausium, a valve or folding door.) Fam. Colimacea, Lam. Limacinea, Bl.--Descr. Spire elongated, consisting of many volutions; aperture small, sub quadrate, having several tooth-shaped folds on the columella. A small, elastic, shelly plate, attached to the columella within, called the Clausium, its office being to enclose the aperture when the animal has retired within the shell.--Obs. This last character distinguishes it from the Pupæ, to some of which it bears a very near resemblance. Hab. Land, in the central and southern parts of Europe, several British species. Fig. 295, C. Macascarensis.

CLAUSIUM. A name applied to the beautiful contrivance whence the genus Clausilia derives its name, consisting of a little bony tortuous plate, placed in a groove on the columella. Here it serves the purpose of a door, which, when not prevented by counteracting pressure, springs forward on its elastic ligament, and encloses the animal in his retirement. The aperture is opened by pushing back the clausium into the groove.

CLAUSULUS. Montf. Conch. Syst. 1, 179. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.

CLAVA. Humph. CERITHIUM, Lam.

CLAVAGELLA. Lam. (Clava, a club.) Fam. Tubicolæ, Lam. Pyloridea, Bl.--Descr. Two irregular flattish valves, one fixed or soldered, so as to form part of the side of an irregular shelly tube; the other free within the tube near the base.--Obs. The shells composing this genus are found in stones, madrepores, &c. and appear to form the connecting link between Aspergillum, which has both valves cemented into the tube; and Fistulana, in which both are free. Fig. 45, a fossil Clavagella. Found recent on the Coast of Malta and New South Wales.

CLAVALITHES. Sw. A genus composed of some fossil shells, separated from the genus Fusus, which, having the general form of Turbinella Rapa, &c. are considered by Swainson, as holding an intermediate station between Fusus and the Turbinellidæ.--Descr. "Unequally sub-fusiform; the body whorl, and spire, being conic; and the canal suddenly contracted and attenuated; terminal whorls papillary; inner lip thick; pillar smooth, C. longævus, clavellatus, Noæ, ponderosus, Sw."--Obs. The papillary spire may form a sufficient reason for separating this genus from Fusus, while the absence of plates on the columella places them at a still greater distance from Turbinella.

CLAVATE. When one extremity of the shell is attenuated, and the other becomes suddenly ventricose or globular, it is said to be Clavate. Ex. Murex Haustellum, fig. 396.

CLAVATULA. Lam. The generic name by which Lamarck originally distinguished those species of Pleurotoma which were remarkable for the shortness of their canals. In his system, however, they are re-united to Pleurotoma. Fig. 381, P. Strombiformis.

CLAVICANTHA. Sw. A genus separated from Pleurotoma, Lam. consisting of species, which are described as "thick, sub-fusiform; the surface rugose, and the whorls sub-coronated; channel short; slit assuming the form of a short, broad sinus. C. imperialis, E. M. 440, spirata, E. M. 440, fig. 5, conica, E. M. 439, fig. 9, echinata, E. M. 439, fig. 8, Auriculifera, E. M. 439, fig. 10."

CLAVICLE. (clavis, a key.) A little key. This term is applied to the bony appendage in the hinge of some species of Anatina, (those included in the generic term Lyonsia) Cleidothærus, Myochama, &c.

CLAVULINA. D'Orb. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.

CLAVUS. Montf. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.

CLEIDOTHÆRUS. Hutch. ([Greek: Thairos], hinge, [Greek: Kleis], clavicle.) Fam. Chamaceæ or Myariæ, Lam.--Descr. Inequivalve, irregular, solid, attached; with one cardinal, conical tooth in the free valve, entering a corresponding indenture in the other; and an oblong shelly appendage, fixed by an internal cartilage in a groove under the umbones; muscular impressions, two in each valve, one elongated, the other uniform.--Obs. This shell is like Chama in general form, but is distinguished by the clavicle or shelly appendage from which its name is derived. Fig. 75. New South Wales.

CLEODORA. Per. et Les. Fam. Pteropoda, Lam. Thecosomata, Bl.--Descr. Thin, transparent, pyramidal, with flat alate sides, and oval aperture. Fig. 221, C. cuspidata.

CLISIPHONITES. Montf. Microscopic. LENTICULINA, Bl.

CLITHON. Montf. NERITINA Corona, spinosa, &c. Auct. fig. 325.