Part 13

Calycoseris wrightii Sunflower Family

100. Prickly sowthistle

Naturalized from Europe and generally considered a weed, sowthistle is found in waste grounds and along roadsides from near sea level to 8,000 feet. It blossoms from February to August, the flowers becoming cottony seed heads as conspicuous as the blooms. A close relative, Sonchus oleraceus, which blossoms from March to September, produces a gum from the drying of the sap, reportedly a powerful cathartic. It has also been used as a treatment for persons suffering from the habitual use of opium derivatives.

Sonchus asper Sunflower Family

Suggestions for Additional Reading

Armstrong, Margaret, Field Book of Western Wild Flowers, C. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1915.

Benson, Lyman, The Cacti of Arizona, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1950.

Benson, Lyman, and Darrow, Robert, The Trees and Shrubs of the Southwestern Deserts, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, N.M., 1954.

Dodge, Natt, Flowers of the Southwest Deserts, Southwestern Monuments Association, Globe, Arizona, 1951.

Hornaday, W. T., Camp-fires on Desert and Lava, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1909.

Jaeger, Edmund C., Desert Wild Flowers, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1956.

Jaeger, Edmund C., The North American Deserts, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1957.

Lemmon, Robert S., and Johnson, Charles C., Wildflowers of North America in Full Color, Hanover House, Garden City, N.Y., 1961.

Leopold, A. Starker, The Desert, (Life Nature Library) Time Inc., New York, 1961.

McDougall, W. B., and Sperry, Omer E., Plants of Big Bend National Park, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1951.

Shreve, Forrest, and Wiggins, Ira L., Vegetation and Flora of the Sonora Desert, Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 591, Vol. 1, Washington, D.C., 1951.

Vines, Robert A., Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of the Southwest, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1960.

Index

Adonis lupine Lupinus excubitus 34 Agave Agave scabra 14 Arizona-poppy Kallstroemia grandiflora 41

Barrel cactus Ferocactus wislizenii 53 Beavertail cactus Opuntia basilaris 55 Bird-of-paradise-flower Caesalpinia gilliesii 32 Bladderpod Lesquerella gordonii 24 Blue palo-verde Cercidium floridum 31 Brittle-bush Encelia farinosa 87 Broom baccharis Baccharis sarothroides 85 Buffalobur Solanum rostratum 68

Canaigre Rumex hymenosepalus 17 Catclaw-acacia Acacia greggii 27 Ceniza Leucophyllum frutescens 72 Chaenactis Chaenactis fremontii 94 Claretcup echinocereus Echinocereus triglochidiatus 49 Common reed Phragmites communis 2 Coyote-melon Cacurbita palmata 80 Creosotebush Larrea tridentata 40 Crown-beard Verbesina encelioides 89

Dalea Dalea fremontii 36 Desert baileya Baileya multiradiata 92 Desert beardtongue Penstemon pseudospectabilis 73 Desert dandelion Malacothryx glabrata 97 Desertlily Hesperocallis undulata 4 Desert-mallow Sphaeralcea ambigua 42 Desert mariposa Calochortus kennedyi 7 Desertstar Monoptilon bellioides 82 Desert-willow Chilopsis linearis 77 Desert zinnia Zinnia pumila 86 Douglas coreopsis Coreopsis douglasii 90 Douglas groundsel Senecio douglasii 95

Engelmann pricklypear Opuntia engelmannii 56 Evening-primrose Oenothera brevipes 22 Evening-primrose Oenothera trichocalyx 61

False-mesquite Calliandra eriophylla 26 Field bind-weed Convolvulus arvensis 63 Fishhook cactus Mammillaria microcarpa 54 Five-stamen tamarisk Tamarix pentandra 43 Fleabane Erigeron divergens 84

Giant yucca Yucca carnerosana 11 Golden mariposa Calochortus nuttalii aureus 6 Goldfields Baeria chrysostoma 93

Heron-bill Erodium cicutarium 39 Honey mesquite Prosopis juliflora 29

Joshua-tree Yucca brevifolia 9 Jumping cholla Opuntia bigelovii 57

Lechuguilla Agave lechuguilla 16 Longleaf ephedra Ephedra trifurca 1 Louisiana broomrape Orobanche ludoviciana 79 Lupine Lupinus sparsiflorus 33